“Russians of all borderlands, unit!”*Russian okraina-nationalists in the late Romanov Empire (1905-1914) * „Russkie liudi vsekh okrain, soediniaites‘!“ in: Okrainy Rossii (9/1/1907), p. 1.

“所有边疆地区的俄罗斯人，团结起来！”罗曼诺夫帝国晚期（1905-1914）中的俄罗斯okraina民族主义者*“Russkie liudi vsekh okrain，soediniaites”，载于：Okrainy Rossii（1907年9月1日），第1页。

• 批准号: 435681695
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Malte Rolf
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur für die Geschichte Europas der Neuzeit mit SP Osteuropas
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/435681695?language=en
• 关键词: Russians; borderlands; unit; Russian; okraina

With the Revolution of 1905, Russian nationalism as a political force gained in strength. At the same time, Russian representatives of the okrainy – the borderland provinces of the Empire – became more influential in nationalists’ circles in St. Petersburg. E.g. they dominated the State Duma where Russian delegates from the border regions were highly over-represented. Although at first, local case studies have depicted some of these nationalists from the imperial peripheries, their overall impact on the political system in Russia before the First World War requires further research.This project will shed light on the political (self-)mobilization of Russian nationalists from the okraina-territories. It aims at exploring their rise within local Russian communities, their strategies of connecting trans-locally, and their influence in political institutions of the imperial capital.By doing so, the project opens up new perspectives on the transformation of Russia’s political system in four dimensions.First, it portrays the leading players of local political mobilization and identifies their key notions of (Russian) national identity. Building on case studies of Warsaw and Kishinev – two centers of Russian okraina-nationalism – the project inquires into practices of local community building and forms of political institutionalization in the borderlands.Secondly, the project elaborates the initiatives of the radical right to connect trans-locally and to create distinctive okraina-organizations and pressure groups in St. Petersburg. How did borderland nationalists contribute to the political debates in the capital? What kind of strategies of agenda setting did they develop? How influential were they in shaping the policy guidelines of the Tsarist government?Thirdly, the project intends to explain why representatives from the Empire’s fringes succeed in dominating the heterogeneous milieu at the right wing of Petersburg’s political scene. The rise of okraina-nationalists must be told as a story of tensions and frictions that in the end led to the “provincialization” of Russia’s political right.Fourthly, the project highlights those imperial images and semantics of nationalists that shaped the general political discourse in the late Romanov Empire. It explores how activists from the Empire’s margins managed to communicate an image of the peripheries as a homogenous okraina and how they reshaped and monopolized key contemporary slogans, e.g. the “Russian cause”.Combining these four dimensions allows the project to examine the crucial importance of okraina-activists and debates in the context of an intensifying nationalization of the Empire after 1905. Taking a closer look at nationalists coming from the imperial fringes and exploring their imprint on the metropolitan political scenery also opens up comparative perspectives, as destabilizing dynamics of borderland-radicalization can be traced as well in other large-scaled or colonial empires.

随着1905年的革命，俄国民族主义作为一种政治力量得到了加强。与此同时，俄克拉荷马州（帝国的边境省份）的俄罗斯代表在圣彼得堡的民族主义者圈子里变得更有影响力。他们在国家杜马中占主导地位，在那里来自边境地区的俄罗斯代表人数过多。虽然一开始，当地的案例研究描绘了一些来自帝国外围的民族主义者，但他们对一战前俄罗斯政治体系的总体影响还需要进一步研究。这个项目将阐明来自乌克兰领土的俄罗斯民族主义者的政治（自我）动员。它旨在探索他们在当地俄罗斯社区中的崛起，他们的跨地区联系策略，以及他们在帝国首都政治机构中的影响。通过这样做，该项目在四个方面为俄罗斯政治制度的转型开辟了新的视角。首先，它描绘了地方政治动员的主要参与者，并确定了他们的（俄罗斯）民族认同的关键概念。该项目以华沙和基什涅夫（俄罗斯乌克兰民族主义的两个中心）的案例研究为基础，探讨了边境地区当地社区建设的实践和政治制度化的形式。其次，该项目详细阐述了激进权利的倡议，以连接跨地方和在圣彼得堡创建独特的乌克兰组织和压力团体。边境民族主义者对首都的政治辩论有何贡献？他们制定了什么样的议程设置策略？他们在制定沙皇政府的政策方针方面有多大的影响力？第三，该项目旨在解释为什么来自帝国边缘的代表成功地控制了彼得堡政治舞台右翼的异质环境。乌克兰民族主义者的崛起必须作为一个紧张和摩擦的故事来讲述，最终导致了俄罗斯政治权利的“地方化”。第四，该项目强调了在罗曼诺夫帝国晚期塑造一般政治话语的帝国形象和民族主义者的语义。它探讨了来自帝国边缘的活动家如何成功地将边缘地区的形象传达为一个同质的乌克兰，以及他们如何重塑和垄断了当代的关键口号，例如“俄罗斯事业”。结合这四个方面，该项目可以检视在1905年后帝国国有化加剧的背景下，乌克兰活动家和辩论的关键重要性。仔细观察来自帝国边缘的民族主义者，并探索他们在大都市政治景观上的印记，也可以打开比较的视角，因为边境激进化的不稳定动态也可以在其他大规模或殖民帝国中找到。