Biogenic amines in silages: formation, impact on preference behaviour andmetabolism by ruminants

青贮饲料是反刍动物饮食中的重要成分。在青贮期间，发生许多发酵过程，这可能对饲料的质量及其被动物的接受性和饲料摄入行为具有相当大的影响。生物胺作为蛋白水解和去磷酸化过程的产物的形成是特别相关的。结果表明，系统添加生物胺的饲料，口服或鼻腔内应用于动物扰乱摄食行为和代谢。在本项目中，将生产不同生物胺含量的青贮饲料（黑麦草、红三叶草和卢塞恩），并在反刍动物的偏好试验中进行测试。因此，在自然条件下形成的生物胺对摄食行为的影响将收集新的信息。在此基础上，可以在新的背景下判断蛋白水解和去淀粉代谢产物作为抑制采食量的因素的相关性。为了能够说明生物胺的含量及其模式的发展，在青贮之前，期间和之后对植物材料进行取样和分析。随后，再次生产含有相当高水平的生物胺的青贮饲料，并喂给泌乳奶山羊。将分析瘤胃液、血浆、粪便和乳汁中的生物胺。这使得能够跟踪从植物通过青贮到肠道消化的生物胺的命运和代谢。这项尝试的主要目的是量化生物胺在其代谢的每个子步骤，并分析潜在的相关性，饲料摄入量。这方面的知识增益可以预期有助于量化的相关性逐渐减少蛋白水解相对于生物胺的形成。

Silage is an important ingredient in the diet of ruminants. During ensilage numerous fermentation processes occur, which may have a considerable impact on the quality of the feed and its acceptance by and feed intake behavior of the animals. The formation of biogenic amines as products of proteolytic and desmolytic processes is of specific relevance. It was shown that systematic addition of biogenic amines to the feed, oral or intraruminal application to the animal disturbed feeding behavior and metabolism. In this project silages (ryegrass, red clover and lucerne) with varying contents of biogenic amines will be produced and tested in preference trials with ruminants. Thus, new information about the effects of biogenic amines formed under natural conditions on the feeding behavior will be gathered. Based on this, the relevance of proteolytic and desmolytic metabolites as factors which inhibit the feed intake can be judged on a new background. To be able to illustrate the development of the contents of biogenic amines and their patterns, the plant material is sampled and analyzed before, during and after ensiling. Subsequently the silages, which contained comparable high levels of biogenic amines, are produced again and fed to lactating dairy goats. Ruminal fluid, blood plasma, faeces and milk will be analyzed for biogenic amines. This enables to track the fate and metabolism of biogenic amines from the plant through ensilage to intestinal digestion. The main purpose of this attempt is to quantify biogenic amines in each sub-step of their metabolism and to analyze potential correlations to feed intake. This knowledge gain can be expected to contribute to the quantification of the relevance of a gradual reduction of proteolysis relative to formation of biogenic amines.