Biogenic amines in silages: formation, impact on preference behaviour andmetabolism by ruminants

青贮饲料是反刍动物饲粮中的重要原料。在青贮过程中会发生大量的发酵过程，这可能对饲料的质量及其对动物的接受和采食行为产生相当大的影响。生物胺的形成是蛋白质水解和解解过程的产物，具有特殊的相关性。结果表明，在饲料中系统添加生物胺，口服或腹腔内施用会干扰动物的摄食行为和代谢。在这个项目中，将生产含有不同生物胺含量的青贮饲料（黑麦草、红三叶草和苜蓿），并在反刍动物中进行偏好试验。从而收集到在自然条件下形成的生物胺对摄食行为影响的新信息。在此基础上，可以在新的背景下判断蛋白质水解和解解代谢产物作为抑制采食量因素的相关性。为了能够说明生物胺含量的发展及其模式，在青贮前、青贮期间和青贮后对植物材料进行了取样和分析。随后，再次生产含有相当高水平生物胺的青贮饲料，并喂给哺乳期奶山羊。将对瘤胃液、血浆、粪便和牛奶进行生物胺分析。这使得跟踪生物胺从植物通过青贮到肠道消化的命运和代谢成为可能。这一尝试的主要目的是量化生物胺在其代谢的每个子步骤，并分析其与采食量的潜在相关性。这种知识的获得可以预期有助于量化相对于生物胺形成的蛋白质水解逐渐减少的相关性。

Silage is an important ingredient in the diet of ruminants. During ensilage numerous fermentation processes occur, which may have a considerable impact on the quality of the feed and its acceptance by and feed intake behavior of the animals. The formation of biogenic amines as products of proteolytic and desmolytic processes is of specific relevance. It was shown that systematic addition of biogenic amines to the feed, oral or intraruminal application to the animal disturbed feeding behavior and metabolism. In this project silages (ryegrass, red clover and lucerne) with varying contents of biogenic amines will be produced and tested in preference trials with ruminants. Thus, new information about the effects of biogenic amines formed under natural conditions on the feeding behavior will be gathered. Based on this, the relevance of proteolytic and desmolytic metabolites as factors which inhibit the feed intake can be judged on a new background. To be able to illustrate the development of the contents of biogenic amines and their patterns, the plant material is sampled and analyzed before, during and after ensiling. Subsequently the silages, which contained comparable high levels of biogenic amines, are produced again and fed to lactating dairy goats. Ruminal fluid, blood plasma, faeces and milk will be analyzed for biogenic amines. This enables to track the fate and metabolism of biogenic amines from the plant through ensilage to intestinal digestion. The main purpose of this attempt is to quantify biogenic amines in each sub-step of their metabolism and to analyze potential correlations to feed intake. This knowledge gain can be expected to contribute to the quantification of the relevance of a gradual reduction of proteolysis relative to formation of biogenic amines.