Ahasver's Heirs. The "Wandering Jew" in German 19th Century Literature

亚哈随鲁的继承人。

• 批准号: 298581842
• 负责人: Dr. Florian Schneider
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgruppe Germanistik
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/298581842?language=en
• 关键词: Ahasver; Heirs.; Wandering; Jew; German

From the last third of the 18th to the first third of the 20th century the character of Ahasuerus, the "Wandering Jew", has attracted considerable attention in European but particularly in German literature. However, it has never arrived at a canonical form. Ever since the mid-19th century, there have been philological attempts to clearly define the Ahasuerus literary figure not only in its identity as a prototypical "stranger" and "other" but also in an adequate poetic form. Compared to earlier research, this project corrects the perspective on the character and narrative of the "Wandering Jew" in three respects. Firstly, the focus shifts from an always already constituted figure to the historical genesis and transformation of the character Ahasuerus, to the poetic processing and modeling of an identity that only permits a confrontation between the "stranger" and "one's own". What results is not only the expected interdependence of self and other but also Ahasuerus' distinct family resemblance to some characters traditionally regarded as "German", such as Faust or the Romantic wanderer. Secondly, these similarities do not just derive from content or motivic coincidences but also concern the literary forms that Ahasuerus has passed through on his wanderings in 19th-century German literature. Particular attention is thereby given to the much-discussed question of the poetic genre that would make it possible to give the Jewish wanderer at least a literary place to stay. In contrast to older studies, this project does not aim to outline a set of favorite genres. Instead, it analyzes the criteria for the structural and narrative exclusions that have thwarted Ahasuerus' literary career, for instance, in epic or tragedy. Thirdly, one must distinguish between the subject of the wanderer and the wandering of the subject. On the one hand, Ahasuerus appears increasingly in 19th-century theoretical discourses beyond literature (e.g. Marx, Nietzsche, Freud and Simmel). On the other hand, besides the anti-Semitic insinuations so well served by the character and their rejection by Jews and others, one can also identify surprising identificational effects, both in German nationalism - which had not yet found its territorial homeland - and in the self-reflection of Jewish modernity as an irrevocable Diaspora. Thus the overall objective of this project is to explore the literary character Ahasuerus as an object of identity construction, formal integration and identificatory adaptation in 19th-century German literature, the discursive dynamics of which clearly cannot be adequately described using common differential distinctions such as that of the "stranger" versus "one's own".

从18世纪的最后三分之一到20世纪的前三分之一，亚哈随鲁这个“流浪犹太人”的角色在欧洲尤其是德国文学中引起了相当大的关注。然而，它从来没有达到一个规范的形式。自19世纪中期以来，一直有语言学家试图明确定义亚哈随鲁文学形象，不仅在其作为一个典型的“陌生人”和“他者”的身份，而且在一个适当的诗歌形式。与之前的研究相比，本项目从三个方面对“流浪犹太人”的性格和叙事进行了修正。首先，重点从一个早已形成的人物转移到亚哈随鲁这个人物的历史起源和转变，转移到对一个身份的诗意处理和塑造，这个身份只允许“陌生人”和“自己”之间的对抗。结果不仅是预期的自我与他人的相互依赖，而且亚哈随鲁与一些传统上被认为是“德国”的人物有着明显的家族相似性，比如浮士德或浪漫漫游者。其次，这些相似之处不仅源于内容或动机上的巧合，还与亚哈随鲁在19世纪德国文学漫游中所经历的文学形式有关。因此，特别关注的是被广泛讨论的诗歌体裁问题，这将有可能给犹太流浪者至少一个文学上的栖身之所。与以前的研究不同，这个项目的目的不是概括出一套最受欢迎的类型。相反，它分析了结构和叙事上的排除标准，这些标准阻碍了亚哈随鲁的文学生涯，例如在史诗或悲剧中。第三，必须区分游子的主体和游子的主体。一方面，亚哈随鲁越来越多地出现在19世纪文学以外的理论话语中（如马克思、尼采、弗洛伊德和齐美尔）。另一方面，除了角色的反犹暗示以及犹太人和其他人对他们的拒绝之外，人们还可以在德国民族主义- -尚未找到其领土家园- -和犹太人作为不可挽回的流散的现代性的自我反思中发现令人惊讶的认同效果。因此，该项目的总体目标是探索19世纪德国文学中作为身份建构、形式整合和身份适应对象的文学人物亚哈随鲁斯，其话语动态显然无法用“陌生人”与“自己的”等常见差异来充分描述。