Glacial to Holocene South African precipitation changes associated with Agulhas warm water transport.

据估计，南非周围第四纪海洋表面温度的变化是该大陆降雨量变化的关键。因此，南太平洋应用科学方案将研究温暖的莫桑比克洋流和厄古拉斯洋流以及寒冷的本格拉洋流对南非降水量从末次冰期到全新世变化的重要性。浮游有孔虫氧同位素和微量元素（镁/钙，钡/钙）记录将结合酮不饱和度比生成，用于与来自陆地的物质的河流供应记录进行比较，分辨率为10年至100年，南非的主要河流，橙子，林波波河和Sambezi。这些记录应能确定两个不同水流系统的温度变化，以及河川径流的变化，作为气候快速变化期间降水量增加或减少的记录。来自两次航行（M57-1和M63- 1）的新的海洋古环境数据集的结合将首次揭示南非东部和西部主要河流的地表水流和径流变化之间的快速气候变化的对应程度。最后，这将有助于确定大陆降水与亚热带海洋气候变化之间的联系，这是更好地了解温暖气候和寒冷条件下海洋环流快速变化对南非水文循环的作用所需的重要基础知识。

It is expected that Quaternary surface-ocean temperature variations around South Africa were pivotal for changes in rainfall over the continent. Therefore, SAPAC will study the importance of the warm Mosambique and Agulhas Current, as well as the cold Benguela Current, for last glacial to Holocene changes in South African precipitation. Planktonic foraminiferal oxygen isotope and minor element (Mg/Ca, Ba/Ca) records will be generated in combination with ketone unsaturation ratios for comparison with records of fluvial supply of land-derived material at decadal to centennial resolution off the major rivers of South Africa, the Orange, Limpopo, and Sambezi. These records should allow identification of temperature variability in the two different current systems, as well as changes in river runoff as a recorder of higher or lower precipitation during periods of rapid climate variability. The combination of new marine paleoenvironmental data sets from two cruises (M57-1 and M63- 1) will for the first time unravel the degree of correspondence in rapid climate variability between surface currents and between runoff variations of major rivers in eastern and western South Africa. Finally, this should allow identification of linkages between continental precipitation and subtropical ocean climate change, which is important basic knowledge required to better understand the role of rapid oceanic circulation changes under warm climate and cold conditions for the hydrological cycle over South Africa.