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Function and diversity of oomycetous and fungal small RNAs suppressing host plant immunity

卵菌和真菌小RNA抑制宿主植物免疫的功能和多样性

基本信息

批准号：
310876377
负责人：
Dr. Arne Weiberg
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Genetik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/310876377?language=en
关键词：
Function diversity oomycetous fungal small

项目摘要

The outcome of the interaction between a pathogen and a host plant largely relies on the immune strength of the plant and on the ability of the pathogen to suppress host immunity. We discovered recently that the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea produces sRNAs that hijack the plant RNA interference pathway and silence important plant immunity genes. Based on this knowledge, the aim of this project is to investigate the occurrence and nature of host immune-suppressive sRNAs in distinct pathogens that evolved independently. We propose a workflow that aims at identifying novel pathogen sRNAs produced by representative plant pathogens of the fungus and oomycete kingdoms, namely Golovinomyces orontii causing the powdery mildew disease in Arabidopsis, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis causing the downy mildew disease in Arabidopsis, and Phytophthora infestans causing the late blight disease in tomato and potato, using high throughput screening approaches. Candidate sRNAs will be narrowed down through plant mRNA degradome analysis. The primary focus will be on candidates with high potential to target host genes related to plant stress response and immunity. Proof of bona-fide silencing of candidate host target genes will be performed by in planta pathogen sRNA expression. Moreover, the functional role of the silenced host target genes in defence and host immunity will be characterized. Finally, we will apply analytical and stochastic evolutionary models to address whether convergent patterns exist among plant genes, gene families, and molecular pathways targeted by pathogen sRNAs. Additionally, we aim to detect signatures of positive selection within host genes targeted by pathogen sRNAs with respect to the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their hosts. This project is therefore designed to answer the following fundamental questions. I) Do distinct filamentous plant pathogens utilize sRNAs to suppress host immunity? II) What are the roles of targeted host genes and pathways in host immunity? III) Do sRNAs produced by distinct pathogens show target gene convergence? IV) Are there signatures of positive selection in host genes and pathways targeted by pathogen sRNAs?

病原菌与寄主植物相互作用的结果在很大程度上取决于植物的免疫强度和病原菌抑制寄主免疫的能力。我们最近发现，植物病原菌灰霉病菌(Botrytis Cinerea)产生的sRNA可以劫持植物RNA干扰途径，并使重要的植物免疫基因沉默。基于这些知识，本项目的目的是调查宿主免疫抑制sRNA在独立进化的不同病原体中的出现和性质。我们提出了一种新的工作流程，旨在利用高通量筛选方法，鉴定由真菌和卵菌界的代表性植物病原菌产生的新的病原菌sRNA，即引起拟南芥白粉病的orontii Golovinmyces，引起拟南芥霜霉病的阿拉比多孢杆菌Hyaloponospora arabidopsidis，以及引起番茄和马铃薯晚疫病的致病疫霉Phytophthora infestans。候选的sRNAs将通过植物mRNA降解组分析来缩小范围。主要的焦点将放在具有针对与植物胁迫反应和免疫相关的宿主基因的高潜力的候选基因上。通过植物病原菌sRNA的表达来证明候选宿主靶基因的真正沉默。此外，沉默的宿主靶基因在防御和宿主免疫中的功能作用将被表征。最后，我们将应用分析和随机进化模型来解决植物基因、基因家族和病原体sRNAs靶向的分子途径之间是否存在收敛模式。此外，我们的目标是检测病原体sRNAs靶向的宿主基因中与病原体及其宿主之间的共同进化军备竞赛有关的正选择特征。因此，该项目旨在回答以下基本问题。I)不同的丝状植物病原体是否利用sRNA抑制宿主免疫？Ii)靶向宿主基因和途径在宿主免疫中的作用是什么？Iii)不同病原体产生的sRNA是否显示出目标基因收敛？IV)在病原体sRNAs靶向的宿主基因和途径中是否有正选择的迹象？