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Function and diversity of oomycetous and fungal small RNAs suppressing host plant immunity

卵菌和真菌小RNA抑制宿主植物免疫的功能和多样性

基本信息

批准号：
310876377
负责人：
Dr. Arne Weiberg
金额：
--
依托单位：
Institut für Genetik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/310876377?language=en
关键词：
Function diversity oomycetous fungal small

项目摘要

The outcome of the interaction between a pathogen and a host plant largely relies on the immune strength of the plant and on the ability of the pathogen to suppress host immunity. We discovered recently that the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea produces sRNAs that hijack the plant RNA interference pathway and silence important plant immunity genes. Based on this knowledge, the aim of this project is to investigate the occurrence and nature of host immune-suppressive sRNAs in distinct pathogens that evolved independently. We propose a workflow that aims at identifying novel pathogen sRNAs produced by representative plant pathogens of the fungus and oomycete kingdoms, namely Golovinomyces orontii causing the powdery mildew disease in Arabidopsis, Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis causing the downy mildew disease in Arabidopsis, and Phytophthora infestans causing the late blight disease in tomato and potato, using high throughput screening approaches. Candidate sRNAs will be narrowed down through plant mRNA degradome analysis. The primary focus will be on candidates with high potential to target host genes related to plant stress response and immunity. Proof of bona-fide silencing of candidate host target genes will be performed by in planta pathogen sRNA expression. Moreover, the functional role of the silenced host target genes in defence and host immunity will be characterized. Finally, we will apply analytical and stochastic evolutionary models to address whether convergent patterns exist among plant genes, gene families, and molecular pathways targeted by pathogen sRNAs. Additionally, we aim to detect signatures of positive selection within host genes targeted by pathogen sRNAs with respect to the co-evolutionary arms race between pathogens and their hosts. This project is therefore designed to answer the following fundamental questions. I) Do distinct filamentous plant pathogens utilize sRNAs to suppress host immunity? II) What are the roles of targeted host genes and pathways in host immunity? III) Do sRNAs produced by distinct pathogens show target gene convergence? IV) Are there signatures of positive selection in host genes and pathways targeted by pathogen sRNAs?

病原体与宿主植物之间相互作用的结果很大程度上取决于植物的免疫强度和病原体抑制宿主免疫的能力。我们最近发现，植物病原体灰葡萄孢 (Botrytis cinerea) 产生的 sRNA 可以劫持植物 RNA 干扰途径并沉默重要的植物免疫基因。基于这些知识，该项目的目的是研究独立进化的不同病原体中宿主免疫抑制 sRNA 的发生和性质。我们提出了一个工作流程，旨在鉴定由真菌和卵菌界的代表性植物病原体产生的新型病原体 sRNA，即引起拟南芥白粉病的奥隆氏戈洛维酵母、引起拟南芥霜霉病的拟南芥霜霉病和引起番茄晚疫病的致病疫霉。马铃薯，使用高通量筛选方法。候选 sRNA 将通过植物 mRNA 降解组分析缩小范围。主要关注点将是具有高度潜力的针对与植物应激反应和免疫相关的宿主基因的候选物。候选宿主靶基因的真正沉默的证据将通过植物病原体 sRNA 表达来进行。此外，还将表征沉默的宿主靶基因在防御和宿主免疫中的功能作用。最后，我们将应用分析和随机进化模型来解决植物基因、基因家族和病原体 sRNA 靶向的分子途径之间是否存在趋同模式。此外，我们的目标是检测病原体 sRNA 靶向的宿主基因内关于病原体与其宿主之间的共同进化军备竞赛的正选择特征。因此，该项目旨在回答以下基本问题。 I) 不同的丝状植物病原体是否利用 sRNA 来抑制宿主免疫？ II) 目标宿主基因和途径在宿主免疫中的作用是什么？ III) 不同病原体产生的 sRNA 是否显示靶基因趋同？ IV) 病原体 sRNA 靶向的宿主基因和途径是否存在正向选择的特征？