Direct push applications in wetland (geo)archaeology

湿地（地质）考古直推应用

• 批准号: 311016224
• 负责人: Dr. Stefanie Berg
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien (IPHT)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/311016224?language=en
• 关键词: Direct; push; applications; wetland; geo

In pre-historic and historic times floodplain edges and lake shorelines were preferential settlement areas. Buried archaeological features like pile-dwellings, weirs, hythes, or mills are fairly abundant in wetlands. These (geo)archaeological archives are highly valuable, since the high groundwater level ordinarily provides excellent preservation conditions for organic-rich proxy-parameters and artefacts. However, wetlands are characterised by difficult exploration conditions that require complicate and costly excavation techniques due to the impact of groundwater inflow and highly unstable trench edges. Alternatively used classical driving core techniques often suffer from high compaction rates of organic layers and thus show a bias in depth accuracies. Regarding these challenging issues we focus here on direct push sensing with special interest on two key sites in Bavaria: pile dwellings at Pestenacker (UNESCO-World Heritage Site) and Charlemagne's canal, the Fossa Carolina. Both locations represent prominent sites in wetlands which are characterised by complex archaeological strata but also by a high diversity of fluvial, palustrine and lacustrine facies types. Direct push sensing represents a set of tools for performing subsurface records by pushing small-diameter, hollow steel rods with different probes into the ground. This technique is mostly applicable in unconsolidated sediments that are typically less than 30 m below the surface. Thus, continuous in situ measurements provide high-resolution vertical data logs up to a depth-accurate resolution in the cm-scale. We aim to evaluate the potential of direct push sensing in wetland (geo)archaeology. We focus on depth-accurate recording of buried archaeological structures and on the high-resolution detection of different facies types in wetlands. Within an integrated multidisciplinary approach, minimally invasive direct push techniques are combined with a large set of geophysical and (geo)archaeological methods. Direct push techniques will be applied in three different spatial dimensions: a) medium-scale detection of the lateral extents of archaeological sites, b) small-scale detection of wetland stratigraphies including their depth-accurately vertical dimension, and c) high-resolution micro-scale reconstruction of archaeological features. Our Pestenacker-specific objectives focus on the analysis of the lateral extent of the pile dwellings and their intercalation with the Neolithic water body, on the depth-accurate reconstruction of the site's vertical extent including the probable discovery of an earlier phase of foundation, and on minimal-invasive, micro-scale reconstruction of previous not-excavated pile dwellings. Our Fossa Carolina-specific objectives focus on the detailed reconstruction of buried Carolingian canal structures in zones of high groundwater-table. As archaeological excavations are difficult to conduct there, we will evaluate direct push sensing as an alternatively concept.

在史前和历史时期，河漫滩边缘和湖泊岸线是首选的定居区。埋藏的考古特征，如桩屋、堰、水塘或磨坊，在湿地中相当丰富。这些（地质）考古档案非常有价值，因为高地下水位通常为富含有机物的代理参数和人工制品提供了良好的保存条件。然而，湿地的特点是勘探条件困难，由于地下水流入的影响和高度不稳定的沟槽边缘，需要复杂和昂贵的挖掘技术。另外，传统的驱动岩心技术往往受到有机层压实率高的影响，因此在深度精度上存在偏差。针对这些具有挑战性的问题，我们在这里重点关注巴伐利亚的两个关键地点：Pestenacker（联合国教科文组织-世界遗产）的桩式住宅和查理曼运河，Fossa Carolina。这两个地点都是湿地的重要遗址，其特征是复杂的考古地层，但也具有高度多样性的河流、湖泊和湖泊相类型。直推传感是一套工具，通过将带有不同探头的小直径空心钢棒推入地下进行地下记录。这种技术主要适用于地表以下不到30米的松散沉积物。因此，连续的原位测量可以提供高分辨率的垂直数据测井，达到厘米级的深度精确分辨率。我们的目的是评估直接推力传感在湿地（地质）考古中的潜力。我们专注于深埋考古结构的精确记录和湿地不同相类型的高分辨率检测。在综合多学科方法中，微创直接推动技术与大量的地球物理和（地质）考古方法相结合。直推技术将应用于三个不同的空间维度：a)考古遗址横向范围的中尺度探测，b)湿地地层的小尺度探测，包括其深度精确的垂直维度，以及c)考古特征的高分辨率微尺度重建。我们针对pestenacker的具体目标集中在分析桩式住宅的横向范围及其与新石器时代水体的嵌入，对遗址的垂直范围进行深度精确重建，包括可能发现的早期基础阶段，以及对以前未挖掘的桩式住宅进行微创、微尺度重建。我们的深卡罗来纳具体目标集中在高地下水位地区的埋卡罗来纳运河结构的详细重建。由于在那里很难进行考古发掘，我们将评估直接推力传感作为替代概念。