A resilient city: The Republic of Venice in the 15th century

一座有弹性的城市：15世纪的威尼斯共和国

• 批准号: 314996107
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Petra Schulte
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl Mittelalterliche Geschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/314996107?language=en
• 关键词: resilient; city; Republic; Venice; 15th

The focal point of the project is the resilience of the Republic of Venice in the fifteenth century. This resilience can be attributed to different factors and responses to different types of problems. In the first funding period, the project concentrates on the Council of Ten, which was established in 1335 as the Republic's constitutional body to identify dangers and quickly avert them. The project will inquire into the cultural and political framework that allowed the Council of Ten to identify vulnerabilities and disruptive events, and which justified its actions, guided its strategies and shaped its resources. At the same time, the project will examine the position of the Council of Ten within Venice's power hierarchy, how it acted in individual cases and the leeway it possessed. The temporal frame for the project spans the neglected decades of Sigismund's trade embargos (1412-13, 1418-1433), which the King of Hungary and Germany (and later Holy Roman Emperor) imposed on trade with Venice in response to its expansion policy. Although the Republic faced a variety of interrelated challenges that threatened its stability, the political system and the nobility that supported it emerged from the crisis stronger than before. This lent the "myth of Venice" - which glorified its persistence and overlooked its efforts to remain politically resilient - additional credence, anchoring it in historical memory. A closer examination of this myth and the Council of Ten more relevant today than ever: the strategies of the Council of Ten, which during the embargo years expanded to assume an executive, judiciary and legislative scope, included censorship, political murder and the surveillance of its citizens. The project will explore why Venetian society tolerated such measures and why it was ready to accept the consequences - such as a political culture shaped by mistrust. One argument was the idea of acute necessity (necessitas), which justified situative solutions that tended to become permanent and in this sense was closely associated with processes of coping, adjustment and transformation. The analysis of this concept, which comprised the semantic spectrum of necessity, (basic) needs and exigency, will extend into the second funding period. This part of the project will explore how necessitas was thought about in legal, philosophical and political texts and instrumentalised in political communication in the late fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. It will provide insight into processes of political resilience in the diffuse grey zone between normalcy and emergency.

该项目的重点是威尼斯共和国在十五世纪的恢复力。这种弹性可以归因于不同的因素和对不同类型问题的反应。在第一个供资期间，该项目集中于1335年成立的十人理事会，作为共和国的宪法机构，负责查明危险并迅速加以避免。该项目将调查使十国理事会能够查明脆弱性和破坏性事件的文化和政治框架，以及证明其行动合理、指导其战略和形成其资源的文化和政治框架。与此同时，该项目将审查十人理事会在威尼斯权力等级中的地位，它在个别案件中的行动方式以及它所拥有的回旋余地。该项目的时间框架跨越了齐格蒙特贸易禁运（1412-13，1418-1433）被忽视的几十年，匈牙利国王和德国（以及后来的神圣罗马帝国皇帝）为了回应其扩张政策而对威尼斯实施贸易禁运。虽然共和国面临各种相互关联的挑战，威胁到其稳定，但政治制度和支持它的贵族在危机后比以前更加强大。这给“威尼斯神话”--它颂扬了威尼斯的坚持，忽视了它为保持政治弹性所做的努力--提供了额外的可信度，使之扎根于历史记忆中。对这一神话和十国理事会进行更深入的研究，今天比以往任何时候都更有意义：十国理事会的战略在封锁期间扩大到承担行政、司法和立法范围，包括审查、政治谋杀和监视其公民。该项目将探讨为什么威尼斯社会容忍这种措施，以及为什么它准备接受后果-例如由不信任形成的政治文化。一个论点是迫切需要（necessitas）的概念，它证明情况解决办法是合理的，这种办法往往成为永久性的，从这个意义上说，与应对、调整和转变的过程密切相关。这一概念包括必要性、（基本）需要和紧急情况的语义范围，对这一概念的分析将延续到第二个供资期。该项目的这一部分将探讨如何necessitas被认为是在法律的，哲学和政治文本，并在十五世纪末和十六世纪初的政治沟通工具。它将使人们深入了解在正常状态和紧急状态之间弥漫的灰色地带中的政治复原力进程。