Prehistoric Thessaly: Mobile and sedentary communities south of Mount Olympus

史前色萨利：奥林匹斯山以南的流动和定居社区

• 批准号: 315184342
• 负责人: Dr. Agathe Reingruber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Prähistorische Archäologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/315184342?language=en
• 关键词: Prehistoric; Thessaly; Mobile; sedentary; communities

According to the present state of research, the oldest sedentary farming populations in Europe were established around 6500 BC in the vicinity of Mount Olympus, especially south of it in the Thessalian Plain. There, the first continuously inhabited sites developed to form through time meter-high mounds. In this area in the course of only a few centuries, the irreversible process known as ¿Neolithisation¿, with all its economic, social, cultural and also religious consequences, had concluded even before the Neolithic way of life spread into the Balkans around 6000 calBC, and subsequently from there into Central Europe. This knowledge is largely based on investigations and interpretations carried out in Thessaly during the 1950ies to 1970ies. Since that time no systematic research has been conducted in this region, which envisages the transition from mobile to sedentary communities, even though from there emanated major impulses for a new and revolutionary lifestyle in the whole of Southeast Europe. Nevertheless, in the last decades the Ephorate for Antiquities in Larissa has gathered a great amount of new material from soundings, rescue excavations and surface collections, material that leads to new insights concerning typo-chronological considerations. Both these new collections as well as older ones from the last century will be analysed in a joint project with modern research methods, applying foremost radiocarbon analysis. Detailed analysis of finds in their context and of sites in their natural environmental setting will also be a target of the project. Until now only magoules were extensively researched and only sites that are visible in the plain have been recorded and mapped, leading to a distorted view concerning the dynamics of population in prehistoric times. Whereas several systematic surface reconnaissance programmes have been carried out in many landscapes in Greece since the 1990ies, such field work was not undertaken in Thessaly. Therefore, envisaged in collaboration with the Ephorate in Larissa are prospections on the northeastern fringes of the Thessalian Plain, south of Mount Olympus. Foreseen are diachronic studies that should encompass the periods of the Holocene with emphasis on the Mesolithic and the Neolithic. The aim is to obtain fundamental insight into the transition from mobile hunter-gatherer-fisher communities to sedentary farming cultures and to analyse the population dynamics in prehistoric times. Anticipated are new and important insights concerning both economical aspects as well as different strategies applied in the land use in prehistory. The results of this work can serve as a basis for future research programmes that will be dedicated to detailed investigation of single places/sites.

根据目前的研究状况，欧洲最古老的久居农业人口大约在公元前6500年左右在奥林匹斯山附近建立，特别是在其以南的塞萨利亚平原。在那里，第一批连续有人居住的遗址通过时间形成了一米高的土丘。在这一地区，在短短几个世纪的时间里，被称为新石器化的不可逆转的过程及其所有的经济、社会、文化和宗教后果，甚至在新石器时代的生活方式在公元前6000年左右传播到巴尔干半岛并随后从那里传播到中欧之前就已经结束了。这些知识很大程度上是基于1950年代至1970年代在塞萨利进行的调查和解释。自那时以来，该地区没有进行过系统的研究，设想从流动社区过渡到久坐社区，尽管从那里发出了在整个东南欧推行新的革命性生活方式的重大冲动。然而，在过去的几十年里，拉里萨的古物遗迹研究所从测深、抢救性挖掘和地面收藏中收集了大量新材料，这些材料导致了关于打字年代学考虑的新见解。这些新的收集以及上个世纪的旧收集都将在一个联合项目中进行分析，该项目采用现代研究方法，应用最先进的放射性碳分析。对这些发现的背景和自然环境背景下遗址的详细分析也将是该项目的一个目标。到目前为止，只对岩浆进行了广泛的研究，只记录和绘制了平原上可见的遗址，导致了对史前时代人口动态的扭曲看法。虽然自1990年代以来在希腊的许多地方开展了几个系统的地面侦察方案，但在塞萨利并没有开展这种实地工作。因此，与拉里萨的埃法尔国合作，设想在奥林匹斯山以南的塞萨利亚平原的东北边缘进行勘探。可以预见的是，历时研究应涵盖全新世时期，重点是中石器时代和新石器时代。其目的是从根本上洞察从流动的狩猎-采集-渔民社区向定居的农业文化的过渡，并分析史前时代的人口动态。预计会有新的和重要的见解，既有经济方面的，也有史前时期土地利用中应用的不同策略。这项工作的结果可作为今后专门对单一地点/地点进行详细调查的研究方案的基础。