Landscape Archaeology in Thessaly (LAiT)

我们这一代研究人员面临的最大挑战之一是濒危但仍未得到承认的考古遗址的本地化及其保护。不仅由于现代农业，而且由于气候变化，古迹的破坏现在大大增加。那些只留下薄薄沉积物的史前临时定居点，即所谓的平坦定居点，尤其面临风险。这些尚未在色萨利进行系统的研究，因为它是跨几个时期的米高的沉降土丘（magoules），吸引了国际研究兴趣。为了填补这一知识空白，预计将进行跨学科研究，涉及由史前考古学家和自然科学家组成的国际团队。在我们的方法中，我们将使用非侵入性或低侵入性的方法，以研究色萨利东北部一个明确的地区历时（约。公元前6500年至3200年）。所有获得的数据将并入地理信息系统。第一步，将对已知的定居点进行三维记录，第二步，将对这些定居点以及通过系统深入调查发现的地点进行跨学科调查。在地球物理勘探的帮助下，我们将在六个不同史前时期的选定地点生成定居点图像。我们还想建立史前定居点与水体（今天已经干涸）的关系。皮尼奥斯河流域是塞萨利亚平原的主要水系：这条河的一段向南北方向延伸，穿过一个浅洼地，在古代被内索尼斯湖填满。利用断层摄影和钻孔，我们将检验我们的工作假设，即在史前时期这里也有一个湖泊延伸，并且在其海岸附近建立了定居点。通过广泛的调查，我们将注意力转向山坡上的一组迄今为止尚未被科学研究的物体：杯状标记的石头。它们的年代无法确定，它们的功能和与史前定居点的关系也不清楚。此外，我们希望使用原材料分析，以了解如何密集的社区从东色萨利不同地区的交流，以及网络是否或如何在历时的角度改变。这些评估将在相对和绝对年代框架的背景下进行，该框架已经部分基于陶瓷分析和放射性碳年代测定，但仍需进一步完善。在早期研究结果的补充下，将有可能更好地掌握史前时期的定居行为以及史前社区如何对环境（最终是气候）的自然变化做出反应，并作为一个社会进行适应或改变。这将为色萨利东北部的史前定居提供一个新的视角。

One of the great challenges of our generation of researchers is the localisation of endangered but still unrecognised archaeological sites and their preservation. Not only as a result of modern agriculture, but also due to climate change, the destruction of monuments has increased greatly nowadays. Temporary prehistoric settlements that leave only thin deposits, so-called flat settlements, are particularly at risk. These have not yet been systematically investigated in Thessaly, as it is rather the meter-high settlement mounds (magoules) spanning several periods, that attract international research interest. To fill this gap in knowledge, interdisciplinary studies are foreseen, involving an international team consisting of prehistoric archaeologists and natural scientists. In our approach we will use non- or low-invasive methods in order to study a well-defined area in north-eastern Thessaly diachronically (ca. 6500 to 3200 BC). All acquired data will be merged in a Geographic Information System (GIS). In a first step, the already known settlements will be recorded three-dimensionally and in a second step they will be investigated in an interdisciplinary approach together with the sites discovered by systematic intensive surveys. With the help of geophysical prospections, we will generate settlement images at six selected sites from different prehistoric periods. We also want to establish the relationship of prehistoric settlements to water bodies (which have dried up today). The Thessalian Plain is drained by the Pinios river system: A stretch of this river runs in a S-N direction through a shallow depression that was filled by Lake Nessonis in ancient times. Using tomographies and boreholes, we will test our working hypothesis that a lake extended here in prehistoric times as well, and that settlements were founded near its shores. By means of extensive surveys, we turn our attention to a group of objects on the mountain slopes that has not been scientifically studied so far: the cupmarked stones. These cannot be dated with certainty, and their function and relationship to the prehistoric settlements is also unknown. In addition, we want to use raw material analyses to find out how intensively the communities from the different areas of Eastern Thessaly were in exchange and whether or how networks changed in a diachronic perspective. These evaluations will be carried out in the context of a relative and absolute chronological framework that has already been partly worked out on the basis of ceramic analyses and radiocarbon dates, but which still needs to be further refined. Supplemented with results of earlier research, it will be possible to better grasp both settlement behavior in prehistoric times and how prehistoric communities reacted to natural changes in the environment (and ultimately climate) and adapted or changed as a society. This would provide a new perspective on prehistoric settlement in north-eastern Thessaly.