Biosecurity in practice: the prevention of Dengue and its vector species in Europe as a field of biomedical, technological and political intervention

实践中的生物安全：作为生物医学、技术和政治干预领域，在欧洲预防登革热及其媒介物种

• 批准号: 315069504
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Meike Wolf
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Kulturanthropologie und Europäische Ethnologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/315069504?language=en
• 关键词: Biosecurity; practice; prevention; Dengue; its

Due to transnational travel and trade as well as climate changes 12.000 invasive alien species nowadays have been introduced to natural environments in Europe. Among them vector species such as the Aedes albopictus mosquito are believed to pose a threat to European citizens: the mosquitoes are capable of transmitting the Dengue-virus, causing a formerly tropical fever which has become endemic in more than 100 countries worldwide. Even if Europe does not (yet) rank as an area at risk for Dengue, the presence of the Aedes mosquitoes is now problematised as a biosecurity threat. Transnational attempts to regulate the complex interspecies relation between humans, mosquitoes and the Dengue-virus rest upon the assumption that the presence of Aedes albopictus does not necessarily result in an infection of the human population, but that it constitutes an essential prerequisite for Dengue-infections. Against this backdrop, the project aims to understand how the emergence of infectious disease risks as they are triggered by the unwanted mobility of biological organisms brings about the outset of biopolitical spaces of action. These act as the domain in which heterogeneous practices, technologies and standards meet and mingle. They aim to prevent the spread and local establishment of the Dengue virus in Europe. Thus, the entanglement of humans,viruses, and mosquitoes co-produces surveillance programmes, maps, public awareness campaigns and trade regulations as they are outlined in European guidelines for the surveillance of invasive mosquitoes. These shifting fields of political, medical, ecological and social intervention are the central object of inquiry. The project employs qualitative ethnographic methods. It aims to understand how preventive technologies are enacted in four exemplary settings (the design of surveillance programmes, control of used tyre trade, mosquito collection strategies, and community participation programmes), how they are adapted to local contexts and how they are made effective through specific sociotechnical arrangements. It will be analysed 1. how emerging preventive practices and technologies rely on and make productive use of the differentiation between native and invasive species, 2. how EU-geopolitical border regimes are thereby (re-)organised, transgressed, enforced, modified or questioned, 3. and how the relation between prevention, disease and space is rearranged under these circumstances. The project is based upon the assumption that infectious diseases as biocultural phenomena are contingent on specific historical, political, social and economic conditions. A cultural-anthropological analysis might therefore provide important insights into the heterogeneous ways that EU-geopolitical borders are transgressed, enforced, modified or (re-)organised through the management of emerging infectious diseases.

由于跨国旅行和贸易以及气候变化，目前已有12，000种外来入侵物种被引入欧洲的自然环境。其中，白纹伊蚊等病媒物种被认为对欧洲公民构成威胁：蚊子能够传播登革热病毒，引起一种以前的热带发热，现已成为全世界100多个国家的地方病。即使欧洲还没有被列为登革热的危险地区，伊蚊的存在现在也被认为是一种生物安全威胁。跨国公司试图调节人类、蚊子和登革热病毒之间复杂的种间关系，其假设是，白纹伊蚊的存在不一定会导致人类感染，但它构成了登革热感染的必要先决条件。在此背景下，该项目旨在了解传染病风险的出现，因为它们是由生物有机体的不必要的流动性引发的，如何带来了行动的生物政治空间的开始。这些领域是不同的实践、技术和标准相遇和混合的领域。他们的目的是防止登革热病毒在欧洲的传播和当地建立。因此，人类、病毒和蚊子的纠缠共同产生了监测方案、地图、公众宣传运动和贸易条例，正如欧洲监测入侵性蚊子的准则所概述的那样。这些不断变化的政治、医疗、生态和社会干预领域是研究的中心对象。该项目采用定性人种学方法。其目的是了解如何在四种典型情况下（监测方案的设计、旧轮胎贸易的控制、蚊虫收集战略和社区参与方案）实施预防性技术，如何使这些技术适应当地情况，以及如何通过具体的社会技术安排使这些技术发挥效力。将进行分析1。新出现的预防措施和技术如何依赖并有效利用本地物种和入侵物种之间的差异，2.如何欧盟地缘政治边界制度，从而（重新）组织，违反，执行，修改或质疑，3。以及在这种情况下，预防、疾病和空间之间的关系如何重新安排。该项目基于以下假设：传染病作为生物文化现象取决于特定的历史、政治、社会和经济条件。因此，文化人类学的分析可能提供重要的见解，欧盟地缘政治边界的异质性的方式，通过管理新出现的传染病被逾越，强制执行，修改或（重新）组织。