Cirrus clouds in the extratropical tropopause and lowermost stratosphere region

温带对流层顶和平流层最低区域的卷云

• 批准号: 316588738
• 负责人: Dr. Reinhold Spang, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Bio- und Geowissenschaften (IBG)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Infrastructure Priority Programmes
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/316588738?language=en
• 关键词: Cirrus; clouds; extratropical; tropopause; lowermost

Large uncertainties in climate prediction caused by processes involving cirrus clouds highlight the importance of more quantitative information on cirrus clouds by observations. Especially around the tropopause, where cirrus may have a large warming effect in comparison to lower and thicker cirrus only very little information is available. Ground based lidar observations and satellite based IR limb sounding are suggesting a new class of cirrus clouds, the presence of cirrus in the lowermost stratosphere (LMS), which are so far not well characterised by measurements and not considered in global models studies at all.The proposed study CiTroS will investigate Cirrus clouds in extratropical Tropopause and lowermost Stratosphere region based on measurements during the proposed HALO mission WISE in Sep/Oct 2017. Special emphasis will be taken on the analysis of measurements of cloud structures with the novel Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) instrument. With its ability to image tomographically volumes of air in the IR wavelength region 780 to 1400 cm-1, it may provide a three-dimensional reconstruction of the observed cloud structures. IR limb sounders are extremely sensitive to measure optically thin cirrus clouds due to the long limb path integration along the line of sight. In combination with the HALO-based lidar instrument WALES the payload will present the most sensitive remote sensing measurements for the characterisation of micro- and macrophysical parameter of cirrus clouds around the tropopause. Together with the in situ measurement for water vapour and ice water content the HALO mission WISE represents a high-capacity payload for cloud studies around the tropopause and enables the proof of existence for clouds in the LMS. One major part of study will be the development of new retrieval techniques for the exploration of optically thin cirrus clouds around the tropopause with the IR imager GLORIA. The analysis of the tomographic cloud measurements will make it possible to retrieve much better constrained microphysical properties like ice water content or particle radius information.Model studies and forecasts form the Chemical Lagrangian Model for the Stratosphere (CLaMS) and CLaMS will be available after the campaign for detailed studies. Research questions regarding the impact of meteorological conditions on the formation of ice particles in the extratropical tropopause und LMS region, or the relevance of mixing processes at the subtropical jet in conjunction with Rossby wave breaking events and the link to cirrus clouds in the LMS at mid and high latitudes, will be investigated. Together with the new CLaMS-Ice module, which simulates formation and evolution of cirrus clouds along trajectories with a detailed double-moment bulk microphysical scheme, it is possible to investigate in case studies very detailed the key formation processes of cirrus in the LMS and tropopause region.

由涉及卷云的过程引起的气候预测的巨大不确定性凸显了通过观测获得有关卷云的更多定量信息的重要性。特别是在对流层顶周围，与较低且较厚的卷云相比，卷云可能具有较大的变暖效应，但可用的信息非常少。基于地面的激光雷达观测和基于卫星的红外临边探测表明存在一种新的卷云，即平流层最低层（LMS）中存在卷云，迄今为止，这些卷云尚未通过测量得到很好的表征，并且在全球模型研究中根本没有考虑到。拟议的研究CiTroS将根据提议的HALO任务期间的测量来调查温带对流层顶和最低平流层区域的卷云 WISE 将于 2017 年 9 月/10 月举行。将特别强调使用新型大气辐射成像万向肢体观测器 (GLORIA) 仪器对云结构的测量进行分析。凭借其对 780 至 1400 cm-1 IR 波长范围内的空气体积进行层析成像的能力，它可以提供所观察到的云结构的三维重建。由于沿着视线的长临边路径集成，红外临边探测器对于测量光学薄卷云极其敏感。与基于 HALO 的激光雷达仪器 WALES 相结合，有效载荷将提供最灵敏的遥感测量结果，用于表征对流层顶周围卷云的微观和宏观物理参数。与水蒸气和冰水含量的原位测量一起，HALO Mission WISE 代表了对流层顶周围云研究的高容量有效载荷，并能够证明 LMS 中云的存在。研究的一个主要部分将是开发新的检索技术，利用红外成像仪 GLORIA 探索对流层顶周围的光学薄卷云。对层析云测量的分析将能够检索更好的受约束的微物理特性，如冰水含量或粒子半径信息。平流层化学拉格朗日模型（CLaMS）和 CLaMS 的模型研究和预测将在详细研究活动结束后提供。将调查有关气象条件对温带对流层顶和 LMS 区域冰粒形成的影响，或副热带急流混合过程与罗斯贝波破碎事件的相关性以及与中高纬度 LMS 卷云的联系的研究问题。与新的 CLaMS-Ice 模块一起，通过详细的双矩整体微物理方案模拟卷云沿轨迹的形成和演化，可以在案例研究中非常详细地研究 LMS 和对流层顶区域卷云的关键形成过程。

项目成果

Observation of cirrus clouds with GLORIA during the WISE campaign: detection methods and cirrus characterization

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-3153-2021
• 发表时间: 2021-04
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Irene Bartolome Garcia;R. Spang;J. Ungermann;S. Griessbach;M. Krämer;M. Höpfner;M. Riese