MAMAP - CoMet Proposal for the University of Bremen contribution to the HALO Mission CoMet in the framework of the DFG Priority Program Atmosphären- und Erdsystemforschung mit dem Forschungsflugzeug HALO (SPP 1294)

不来梅大学对Halo彗星飞行任务的贡献的研究目标侧重于第一个科学问题(SQ1，见Halo Comet伞式提案)：我们能否(以自上而下的方法)识别和量化当地温室气体源，如发电厂、煤矿、垃圾填埋场、城市羽流或地质源？这将通过携带魅力F的光晕彗星在具有强烈局部化点源的区域上空的下方飞行来解决。由于其飞行高度和速度的原因，光晕将只能通过羽流从具有强烈局部点源的区域获得极少数横断面，而MAMAP在较低和较慢飞行的飞机上将提供预计有强烈局部点源的区域的详细局部背景。利用MAMAP，将为大约10x10到20x20平方公里的尺度提供二氧化碳和甲烷的柱平均干空气摩尔分数图(表示为XCO2和XCH4)。目标区域是柏林(二氧化碳城市羽流以及附近两个排放二氧化碳的发电厂)和上西里西亚盆地，在相对较小的面积上有几个排放甲烷的强排放国。此次活动的数据将利用MAMAP和CHAMAR-F数据，从震源位置和/或震源区域(取决于震源密度)的定位以及震源强度的量化方面进行分析和解释。这些数据将通过使用也安装在Halo上的现场仪器(例如，CH4、CO2、H2O；另见Halo彗星白皮书)进行的现场测深进一步验证。这一解释将得到耶拿MPI BGC合作的高分辨率建模的支持。此外，还将调查MAMAP和彗星传感器在多大程度上构成了验证未来空间飞行任务的适当仪器，如OCO-2、哨兵-5前驱、GOSAT-2、梅林、哨兵-5、碳卫星或Ascens。为解决这一问题，将在可能的情况下协调竞选飞行与2017年活跃的这些特派团(OCO-2、Sentinel-5P，可能是GOSAT)的卫星过境。将对航空遥感和现场数据进行数据解释，并与卫星观测结果进行比较。

The research objective of the contribution of University of Bremen to the HALO CoMet mission is focusing on the first science question (SQ1, see HALO CoMet umbrella proposal): Can we identify and quantify (in a top-down approach) local sources of greenhouse gases such as power plants, coal mines, landfills, city plumes, or geological sources? This will be addressed by underflying of HALO CoMet carrying CHARM F over regions with strong localised point sources. Whereas HALO, due to its flight altitude and speed, will be able to only get a very few transects through plumes from areas with strong localised point sources, MAMAP on a lower and slower flying aircraft will provide the detailed local context of the area where strong localised point sources are expected. With MAMAP, maps of column averaged dry air mole factions of CO2 and CH4 (denoted XCO2 and XCH4) will be provided for scales of approximately 10x10 to 20x20 km2. Target areas are Berlin (CO2 city plume as well as two strong CO2 emitting power plants nearby) and the Upper Silesian Basin with several strong CH4 emitters on a relatively small arear. The data from the campaign will analysis and interpretated in terms of localisation of source positions and/or (depended on source density) source areas, as well as quantification of source strengths , using MAMAP and CHARM-F data. The data will further be validate by in-situ soundings performed with the in-situ instrumentation also installed on HALO (e.g.CH4, CO2, H2O; see also HALO CoMet White Paper). The interpretation will be supported by high resolution modelling in cooperation of MPI BGC in Jena. In addition, it will be investigated in how far MAMAP and COMET sensors constitutes an adequate instrumentation to validate future spaceborne missions such as OCO-2, Sentinel-5 Precursor, GOSAT-2, MERLIN, Sentinel-5, CarbonSAT, or ASCENDS. This will be addressed by coordinating wherever feasible campaign flights with satellite overpasses of those missions active in 2017 (OCO-2, Sentinel-5P, potentially GOSAT). Data interpretation of airborne remote sensing and in-situ data will be performed in comparison to the satellite observations.