The controversy surrounding hydraulic fracturing in Germany, France, and Poland. A comparative study about the role of ecological economies of worth and civic epistemologies in current conflicts on risk

该项目在当前能源转型的背景下，研究了目前在法国、德国和波兰使用水力压裂的风险冲突，在欧洲层面全面启动，并给予高度的社会和政治优先考虑。结合以话语分析为重点的比较研究设计，它提出了风险社会学的理论和概念视角，并在必要的程度上解释了这些争议。这是通过在确定风险评估形式和风险处理方式的具体冲突轨迹和公民认识论的背景下，审查评估和论证的生态秩序(价值经济)的作用来实现的。虽然法国已经暂停了所谓的水力压裂技术的使用，但德国在最初的犹豫之后，已经越来越多地开始采取措施，允许这种做法。相比之下，波兰接受它的使用已经有相当一段时间了。一方面，水力压裂技术承诺为各自的国家供应做出重大贡献，并如环境政策所希望的那样，优化各自能源组合中的多样性。另一方面，关于这项技术可能涉及的风险存在广泛的辩论，在这些国家，这项技术对个别元素的强调明显不同，并导致了明显不同的后果。目前这些关于水力压裂的争议发生的社会条件的不同之处在于，被认为受到潜在危害的是紧邻的当地或区域空间。此外，这一冲突星座是新的，因为所有各方都在关注环境问题和可持续发展战略(气候保护、能源转向)。法国、德国和波兰这一新的冲突星座的原因、形式、动态和后果构成了本研究的核心焦点，并将通过风险社会学和话语分析的视角来发现，以突出生态价值经济和公民认识论在此类争议中的作用。首先，必须在国家层面上对水力压裂争议的参与者、领域和轨迹进行审查。第二，将在每个选定的国家对选定的个别案例进行两项区域案例研究，重点是风险评估的行为者、形式和过程。第三，本研究将在风险话语研究的理论和概念阐述的基础上，通过系统的比较，分析冲突动态的维度及其推动因素(生态价值经济、轨迹、公民认识论)。该项目旨在为理解当前围绕欧洲能源转向的社会和技术政策方面的冲突作出重大贡献。

This project studies current risk conflicts surrounding the use of hydraulic fracturing in France, Germany, and Poland in the context of the current energy turn, initiated sweepingly at a European level and given high societal and political priority. Incorporating a comparative research design focused on discourse analysis, it advances theoretical and conceptual perspectives of sociology of risk and risk discourses to the extent necessary for explaining these disputes. This is accomplished by examining the role of ecological orders of evaluation and justification (economies of worth) in the context of the concrete conflict trajectories and civic epistemologies that define both the forms risk evaluation takes and the way risks are processed. While a moratorium regarding the use of so-called fracking has been put in place in France, Germany has, after some initial hesitation, increasingly begun to take steps towards allowing this practice. Poland, by contrast, has embraced its use for quite some time. On one hand, fracking promises a substantial contribution to the respective national supply and an optimization, as desired by environmental policy, of diversity within the respective energy portfolios. On the other, there has been wide-spread debate about possible risks involved with this technology, which in these countries has been led with noticeably different accentuations of individual elements, and has resulted in noticeably different consequences. The current societal conditions under which these disputes on fracking are taking place are distinguished by the fact that it is the immediate local or regional space that is seen to be subject to potential endangerment. Furthermore, this conflict constellation is new insofar as environmental concerns and sustainability strategies (climate conservation,energy turn) are employed by all parties. The causes, forms, dynamics, and consequences of this new constellation of conflict in France, Germany, and Poland comprise the core focus of this study and are to be discovered by using sociology of risk and discourse analysis perspectives to highlight the role of ecological economies of worth and civic epistemologies in such controversies. First, the actors, arenas, and trajectories in the dispute on fracking must be examined at a national level. Second, two regional case studies on select individual cases are to be carried out in each of the selected countries focusing on actors, forms, and processes of risk evaluation. Third, the study will then, analyze the dimensions of conflict dynamics and the factors that fuel them (ecological economies of worth, trajectories, civic epistemologies) via systematic comparison and based on the theoretical and conceptual elaborations of risk discourse research. This project intends to provide a substantial contribution towards understanding current conflicts on social and technological policy surrounding the energy turn in Europe.