The public Debates on Energy Transition in Germany and France. Understanding ecological transformations by crossing two sociological approaches to discourse

当我们比较法国和德国时，冲突、辩论和能源政策遵循了不同的轨迹，法国方面的生态运动相当弱，核能霸权，自20世纪80年代以来更有组织的生态运动，以及最近德国方面的混合能源系统。最近，由于气候政策和欧洲指令，两国发生了重大变化，在不同规模上产生了趋同。这项研究项目有两个主要目标。首先，在理论和方法背景的基础上，它将跨越两国发展起来的两种话语分析方法，重点是技术风险和生态冲突：法国方面，实用的争议社会学(使用特定软件Propero)，以及德国方面，与知识社会学有关的话语分析(SKAD)。尽管它们在法国(争议社会学)和德国(SKAD)的社会科学中被广泛使用了十多年，但他们没有找到合作的机会，也没有克服各自学术领域之间的语言障碍。第二个目标是分析围绕能源系统和环境的公共话语的发展，并考虑它们的长期(从1970年到现在)。通过创建一个共同的启发式方法，我们将组织对两国遵循的辩论轨迹进行比较，并注意到多重相互联系，部分原因是通过欧洲机构建立的关系。一些重大事件扮演了重构者的角色，协作团队将掌握德国和法国在解释和社会技术动态方面的差异。为了有力地阐明这两个目标，我们将建立一系列大型数字语料库，以便使用PROSPERO软件进行分析，该软件特别适用于Skad的方法装置。这两种方法的综合运用将产生一系列行动者和论点、动员形式和公开辩论、一整套决定和规范性文书的动态地图，为两国的能源过渡和公共领域的转型提供一个全面的视角。这项合作研究将以语料库和通用工具为基础，形成可持续科学系统的试金石，以观察和分析欧洲围绕能源和环境问题在政治和技术领域发生(或不发生)的变化。

When we compare France and Germany, conflicts, debates and energy policies have followed different trajectories, with a rather weak ecological movement and the hegemony of nuclear power on the French side, a more structured ecological movement since the 1980s and a recent mixed energy system on the German side. Recently, as a result of climate policies and European directives, significant changes have occurred, creating convergences at different scales in both countries.This research project has two main objectives. First of all, based on theoretical and methodological backgrounds, it will cross two approaches to discourse analysis, developed in both countries, and which have focused on technological risks and ecological conflicts: on the French side, the pragmatic sociology of controversy (using a specific software, Prospero) and, on the German side, the analysis of discourse related to the sociology of knowledge (SKAD). Despite their widespread use in the social sciences in France (sociology of controversies) and in Germany (SKAD) for more than a decade, they did not find the opportunity to collaborate and to overcome the linguistic barrier between their respective academic fields.The second objective is to analyze the development of public discourses around energy system and the environment, considering them over the long term (from 1970 to the present). By creating a common heuristic approach, we will organize the comparison of the argumentative trajectories followed in the two countries, paying attention to the multiple interconnections, partly due to the relationships built through the European institutions. A number of significant events have played the role of reconfigurators and the collaborative team will grasp both the differences of interpretation and the socio-technical dynamics produced in Germany as in France.To articulate strongly the two objectives, we will build a series of large digital corpora in order to analyze with the Prospero software, specifically adapted in connection with SKAD's methodological apparatus. The integrated use of the two approaches will produce dynamic maps of the sets of actors and arguments, forms of mobilization and public debates, sets of decisions and normative instruments, providing a comprehensive view on energy transition and transformations of public spheres in both countries. This collaborative research will form the touchstone of a sustainable scientific system, based on corpus and common tools, in order to observe and analyze the transformations that take place (or not) in the political and technological spheres around the energy and environmental issues in Europe.