Tribunals. War crime trials in Socialist Yugoslavia

法庭。

• 批准号: 319406156
• 负责人: Dr. Sabina Ferhadbegovic
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/319406156?language=en
• 关键词: Tribunals.; War; crime; trials; Socialist

The project focuses on the Yugoslav prosecution of the war crimes in aftermath of the Second World War. The primary aim is to break with the prevailing tradition of looking at Yugoslav war crimes trials solely from the perspective of retribution. Their purpose was not only to "punish and eliminate" the former or potential combatants but also to overcome the implications of the civil war and integrate the Yugoslav society. Military trials were also an experimental ground for the development and the implementation of the concept of the revolutionary justice and socialist law. How did they influence the state-building process of Second Yugoslavia?Before the World War II Yugoslav legal scholars participated in discussions about international criminal law. During the war the Government in Exile participated on different initiatives and signed different declarations regarding war crimes. Which impact did yugoslav jurists have on the development of the concepts "crimes agains humanity" and "crimes against peace"? Meanwhile in the occupied Yugoslavia the Partisans created a fait accompli. They didn`t wait the war to end to prosecute war criminals. But what rules and ideas guided Yugoslavian Communists to their law concepts and what traditions, ideological agenda and international developments influenced their jurisdiction of war crimes? Soviet Union was their role model. The adaption of soviet criminal law took place already during the war. But with their engagement on the United Nations War Crimes Commission the Yugoslav Communists adapted its legal framework and a whole set of jurisdictional guidelines and standards and incorporated them into the Yugoslav criminal law. From this perspective, this project will analyze Yugoslav war crimes trials focusing on the transition of knowledge and transnational dynamics: Which institutions were involved in the “legal flows”? Who were the convicted perpetrators in the first trials? Who were the witnesses and what kind of evidence was produced? Did judgments follow patterns set by the IMT? And how did the first war crimes trials shape Yugoslav understanding of the WWII and the Shoah?

该项目的重点是南斯拉夫在第二次世界大战后对战争罪行的起诉。主要目的是打破仅从报复的角度看待南斯拉夫战争罪审判的普遍传统。其目的不仅是“惩罚和消灭”前战斗员或潜在战斗员，而且还要克服内战的影响，使南斯拉夫社会一体化。军事审判也是革命正义和社会主义法律概念发展和实施的试验场。他们如何影响第二南斯拉夫的国家建设进程？第二次世界大战前，南斯拉夫的法律学者参与了有关国际刑法的讨论。在战争期间，流亡政府参与了不同的倡议，并签署了关于战争罪行的不同宣言。南斯拉夫法学家对“危害人类罪”和“危害和平罪”概念的发展有哪些影响？同时，在被占领的南斯拉夫，游击队造成了既成事实。他们没有等到战争结束才起诉战犯。但是，什么规则和思想指导南斯拉夫共产党人的法律概念？什么样的传统、意识形态议程和国际发展影响了他们对战争罪的管辖权？苏联是他们的榜样。苏联刑法的修改在战争期间就已经开始了。但是，随着他们参与联合国战争罪行委员会，南斯拉夫共产党人调整了其法律框架和一整套管辖准则和标准，并将其纳入南斯拉夫刑法。从这个角度来看，本项目将分析南斯拉夫的战争罪审判，重点关注知识的过渡和跨国动态：哪些机构参与了“法律流动”？谁是初审中被定罪的罪犯？谁是证人，出示了什么样的证据？判断是否遵循IMT设定的模式？第一次战争罪审判如何塑造了南斯拉夫对二战和大屠杀的理解？