Archaeobotanical and geoarchaeological investigations of changing economic systems and environmental conditions at prehistoric settlements in the river landscape of the middle Lahn valley (Gemeinde Weimar, Lkr. Marburg-Biedenkopf)

对拉恩河谷中部河流景观中史前定居点不断变化的经济系统和环境条件进行考古植物学和地质考古学调查（魏玛市，马尔堡-比登科普夫区）

• 批准号: 320416838
• 负责人: Dr. Ralf Urz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Fachgebiet Boden- u Hydrogeographie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/320416838?language=en
• 关键词: Archaeobotanical; geoarchaeological; investigations; changing; economic

The aim of the current research project is to obtain results on the characteristics and change of prehistoric agricultural systems and environmental conditions between the Mesolithic and Middle Ages in the Hessian low mountain region using the example of prehistoric settlements in the Lahn valley around Weimar (Lahn). For this purpose, an extensive data set comprising remains of about 71000 botanically classified cultivated and wild plants was compiled from archaeological findings.The ongoing evaluation of these data already provides results on agriculture and crop cultivation in the Neolithic, Bronze Age and Medieval settlement phases in the Lahn Valley. This section of the project will come to an end with the results of the Hallstatt and Latène periods. The investigation of changes in the use of cultivated plants and agricultural methods and the effects of increasing land use on the development of vegetation cover are objectives of the subsequent diachronic comparison. Regarding the question of whether the special location of the settlement area in the valley floor of Lahn and Allna determined or influenced the agriculture of the settlements, the investigation reaches its limits for methodological reasons. The prehistoric settlements in the Lahn Valley, just as large parts of the associated agricultural areas, were at the mercy of the changing river dynamics of the local watercourses. These may have had a significant direct or indirect influence on agriculture and livestock farming, as well as on settlement development. However, in the study area around Weimar (Lahn) these influences are still unexplored. Therefore, I intend to supplement and extend the results on agricultural development by geoarchaeological investigations. The geoscientific analysis of sediments and archaeological settlement strata is an important starting point for understanding natural influences on past economic and settlement areas, as well as anthropogenic environmental changes, and for better assessing their significance. The basis for the expansion of the scientific project is the unique collection of archaeological and scientific data which has been collected since the beginning of the archaeological excavations in 1991 by staff members of the State Archaeological Service of Hesse as well as by the applicant. The aim of the continuation proposal is to evaluate the existing findings regarding the geological structure of the valley and the river and flood dynamics and to link them to archaeobotanical results on the changes in prehistoric and early agricultural systems and environmental conditions.

本研究项目的目的是以魏玛周围拉恩河谷（Lahn）的史前聚落为例，获得黑森低山地区中石器时代和中世纪之间史前农业系统和环境条件的特​​征和变化的结果。为此，根据考古发现编制了一个广泛的数据集，其中包括约 71000 种按植物学分类的栽培和野生植物遗骸。对这些数据的持续评估已经提供了拉恩山谷新石器时代、青铜时代和中世纪定居阶段的农业和农作物种植结果。该项目的这一部分将以哈尔施塔特和拉特纳时期的成果结束。调查栽培植物的利用和农业方法的变化以及土地利用的增加对植被覆盖发展的影响是随后历时比较的目标。关于拉恩和阿尔纳谷底定居点的特殊位置是否决定或影响定居点的农业问题，由于方法论原因，调查已达到极限。拉恩山谷的史前定居点，以及相关农业区的大部分，都受到当地水道不断变化的河流动态的影响。这些可能对农业和畜牧业以及定居点发展产生了重大的直接或间接影响。然而，在魏玛（Lahn）周围的研究区域，这些影响仍未得到探索。因此，我打算通过地质考古调查来补充和扩展农业发展的成果。对沉积物和考古聚落地层的地球科学分析是了解自然对过去经济和聚落区域的影响以及人为环境变化并更好地评估其重要性的重要起点。科学项目扩展的基础是独特的考古和科学数据收集，这些数据是自 1991 年考古发掘开始以来，由黑森州国家考古局工作人员以及申请人收集的。延续提案的目的是评估有关山谷和河流的地质结构以及洪水动态的现有发现，并将其与史前和早期农业系统和环境条件变化的考古植物学结果联系起来。