Gestational hypertension and diabetes associated birth outcome, and constant postpartum non-communicable disease risks

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The study aimed to identify non-communicable disease (NCD) risks among women from Pregnancy to postpartum in the resource-limited populations in Bangladesh. This study is part of an observational pregnancy cohort conducted in Bangladesh, over 1 consecutive year. 387 women were recruited within 24-36 weeks of pregnancy, and 364 women were followed over at 6 months post-pregnancy. Data on blood pressure, blood glucose and/or glycosylated hemoglobin, and hemoglobin level were collected during pregnancy and after 6 months of post-pregnancy. The pregnant women's mean (sd) age was 24.4 (5.0) years. Ninety-three percent of women gave live birth. Overall, 18.9% (n=71/376) of women at the base were at NCDs risk, but this risk was elevated at follow-up to 55.5% (n=196/353). At baseline, the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) (SBP >140 mmHg & DBP >90 mmHg) was 8.8%, and elevated PIH (SBP >130-139 mmHg & DBP >80-89 mmHg) was 28.5%. At post-pregnancy follow-up, the incidence of elevated high blood pressure (HBP) was 12.8% and 3.05% had HBP. At baseline, the prevalence of gestational diabetes was 4.5% (HbA1c>6.4%) and glycemic intolerance (GI) 40.6% (HbA1C=5.4%-6.4%) using WHO criteria. At follow-up, the diabetic prevalence was 11% and GI was 46% (HbA1C=5.7%-6.4%). Five women died due to birth complications i.e. excessive bleeding or prolonged labor. The study findings advocate appropriate implementation programs for NCDs that linger from pregnancy in resource-limited contexts.