Thinking from the Margins: Textual Plurality Outside the Masoretic Tradition

该项目PLURITEXT打算致力于在希伯来语，希腊语和撒玛利亚语的古代犹太人和撒玛利亚文学的文本多元性问题进行深入的方法论和诠释学反思。20世纪中叶的死海古卷和19世纪末的开罗Genizah的发现，不仅为构成希伯来圣经的文本，而且也为同源的古代犹太文学提供了不同文本形式的问题。他们已经证明，关键分歧之间存在的希伯来圣经的文本证人。虽然19世纪的学者通过所谓的Urtext的概念来解决这个问题，但这种回答不再令人满意，问题是，-什么是圣经？-需要根据新的证据重新提出。需要新的范式来适应文本的多元性。在这种研究的背景下，本项目的目的是创造和测试新的科学范式，其中包括和概念化的现象，一个不可约的文本多元化。必须广义地理解文本多元性的概念。承认不同的文本传统产生了许多神学、法律的、政治、社会和文化方面的影响。分析将包括：（1）来自同一语言传统的不同文本见证人;（2）翻译现象及其所带来的文化转移;（3）通过从一种语言过渡到另一种语言、从一种社会文化身份过渡到另一种社会文化身份的语义和概念转变;（4）检查不同见证人之间的文本变体，但也与拉比和教父传统进行比较;（5）在文本学层面上深入研究抄写员的做法：通过文本传播，作为解释学过程见证的副文本元素、更正、旁注。显然，文本的传播与其转化是交织在一起的，在抄写员，翻译家和评论家的影响下。除了明确的科学目标外，该项目还旨在产生重要的社会文化影响：（1）它表明犹太教和基督教的创始文本从其起源开始就是多形态的，这引发了其版本问题;（2）文本多元性作为一个基本概念的诊断为宗教团体的主张提供了新的视角，这些文本在立法和文化概念、崇拜和身份方面是规范性的;（3）因此，它剥夺了宗教原教旨主义的基础，而宗教原教旨主义的基础是一个单一文本的概念。

The project PLURITEXT intends to devote an in-depth methodological and hermeneutical reflection on the question of the textual plurality in ancient Jewish and Samaritan Literature in Hebrew, Greek and Samaritan. The discoveries of the Dead Sea Scrolls, in the middle of the 20th century, and of the Cairo Genizah, at the end of the 19th century, have shed new light on the question of divergent textual forms, not only for the texts that constitute the Hebrew Bible, but also for cognate ancient Jewish literature. They have proved that crucial divergences exist between the textual witnesses of the Hebrew Bible. While 19th century scholars addressed this problem through the concept of an alleged Urtext, this response is no longer satisfactory, and the question, -What is the Bible?- needs to be raised anew, in light of the new evidence. New paradigms are needed to accommodate textual plurality. Against the background of this research-desideratum, the present project aims at the creation and testing of new scientific paradigms, which encompass and conceptualize the phenomenon of an irreducible textual plurality. The concept of textual plurality must be understood broadly. The recognition of divergent textual traditions generates numerous theological, legal, political, social and cultural implications. The analysis would include: (1) divergent textual witnesses from the same linguistic tradition; (2) the phenomenon of translation and cultural transfers it entails; (3) semantic and conceptual transformation through transition from one language to another, from one socio-cultural identity to another; (4) examination of textual variants between the different witnesses, but also with comparison to rabbinical and patristic traditions; (5) in-depth study of scribal practices, at codicological level: paratextual elements, corrections, marginal notes as witnesses of a hermeneutical process through text transmission. Obviously, the transmission of the text is intertwined with its transformation, under the impact of scribes, translators, and commentators. In addition to its clear scientifically-oriented goal, this project aims to have important socio-cultural impact: (1) it shows that the founding text of Judaism and Christianity was polymorph from its origin, which raises the question of its edition; (2) the diagnosis of textual plurality as an essential concept sheds new light at claims of religious communities, that these texts are normative in terms of legislative and cultural concepts, worship and identity; (3) and it therefore deprives religious fundamentalism of its basis, which is based on the concept of a monolithique text.