权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Surviving in adverse environments: A political sociology of non-governmental organisations in autocratic regimes using the example of Russia

逆境中的生存：专制政权下非政府组织的政治社会学——以俄罗斯为例

基本信息

批准号：
323248194
负责人：
Dr. Evelyn Moser
金额：
--
依托单位：
Forum Internationale Wissenschaft Bonn (FIW)
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2015-12-31 至 2020-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/323248194?language=en
关键词：
Surviving adverse environments political sociology

项目摘要

In 2012, the Russian parliament issued the so-called foreign agents law. The law is directed towards Russian non-governmental organisations and forces them to register as foreign agents with the Ministry of Justice if they receive foreign funding and conduct political activities. The registration implies increased obligations of accountability and transparency towards the state, as well as tightened governmental control. Public institutions may refuse to cooperate with the respective NGOs, and the latter are obliged to declare as a foreign agent in all their public actions. The foreign agents law may be conceptualised as the attempt of the state to monopolise political communication by radically restricting the chances of being included into civil society or, more precisely, into the periphery of the political system. Here, the state puts spheres of communication under pressure that are directed towards collectively binding decisions. It is in the political periphery where societal issues are articulated and different solutions are negotiated. NGOs, which may be conceptualised as organisations whose purpose is to cope with and propose solutions for societal problems and to transform societal structures in this respect, are severely hit by this law. Since the foreign agents law carries with it the generalized mistrust of the state towards any NGO advocating any form of societal change and the common good, it directly attacks the very core of their self-image and their societal legitimation and puts their political addressability at risk, which they inevitably need in order to pursue their goals. Given this situation, however, the resilience of Russian NGOs is surprising: Most of them seem to successfully cope with the political restrictions; they manage to reproduce and pursue their goals in spite of the government-imposed delegitimisation. Thus, in order to understand the current dynamics of the Russian political system and the impact of the foreign agents law, we first need to study how the NGOs manage to survive under these increasingly adverse conditions. This is the starting point of the project: Taking an organisational sociology approach and using a notion of organisations that follows constructivism and systems theory, the project studies the adaptation strategies of Russian NGOs in the wake of the foreign agents law, it investigates the emerging forms of interaction between NGOs and formal politics, and it examines the implications for the structures of the political periphery in Russia. Empirically, the project is based on qualitative case studies of selected NGOs in several fields of activity and additional qualitative data. It reconstructs how the organisations refer to the law in their constructions of the environment, it explores the structural effects of these constructions, and it identifies the organisational features that are pivotal for the organisations capacity to survive and to ensure their political addressability.

2012年，俄罗斯议会颁布了所谓的外国代理人法。该法律针对俄罗斯非政府组织，如果它们接受外国资助并开展政治活动，则必须在司法部登记为外国代理人。登记意味着增加对国家的问责和透明度义务，以及加强政府控制。公共机构可以拒绝与有关非政府组织合作，而非政府组织有义务在其所有公共行动中申报为外国代理人。外国代理人法可以被概念化为国家试图通过从根本上限制被纳入公民社会的机会来垄断政治沟通，或者更准确地说，进入政治体系的边缘。在这里，国家对沟通领域施加压力，这些压力指向具有集体约束力的决定。正是在政治外围，社会问题得到阐述，不同的解决办法得到谈判。非政府组织可能被概念化为旨在科普社会问题并提出解决办法以及在这方面改变社会结构的组织，但受到该法的严重打击。由于外国代理人法带有国家对任何倡导任何形式的社会变革和共同利益的非政府组织的普遍不信任，它直接攻击了他们自我形象和社会合法性的核心，并使他们的政治可处理性处于危险之中，他们不可避免地需要追求他们的目标。然而，在这种情况下，俄罗斯非政府组织的弹性是令人惊讶的：他们中的大多数似乎成功地科普了政治限制;他们设法复制和追求自己的目标，尽管政府强加的非法化。因此，为了了解俄罗斯政治体系的当前动态和外国代理人法的影响，我们首先需要研究非政府组织如何在这些日益不利的条件下生存。这是该项目的出发点：采用组织社会学方法，并使用遵循建构主义和系统理论的组织概念，该项目研究俄罗斯非政府组织在外国代理人法之后的适应策略，调查非政府组织与正式政治之间互动的新形式，并研究对俄罗斯政治边缘结构的影响。从经验上讲，该项目是以若干活动领域的选定非政府组织的定性案例研究和其他定性数据为基础的。它重建了组织如何在他们的环境建设中参考法律，它探讨了这些建设的结构性影响，它确定了组织的生存能力和确保其政治可寻址性的关键组织特征。