Biodiversity patterns, palaeoecology and functional diversity across the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event" in the Basin and Range Province, USA

美国盆地省“奥陶纪大生物多样性事件”的生物多样性模式、古生态和功能多样性

• 批准号: 324399721
• 负责人: Dr. Richard Hofmann
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung (MfN)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/324399721?language=en
• 关键词: Biodiversity; patterns; palaeoecology; functional; diversity

The elucidation of processes that create and maintain biodiversity has been a central question of evolutionary research ever since and attracted particular interest owing to the increasing risk of biodiversity loss due to modern global change. Palaeontological studies provide most suitable tools to reconstruct historical biodiversity trajectories in order to reveal fundamental mechanisms that underlie biodiversification. Intrinsic factors such as predation and interspecific competition are suggested to play a crucial role but especially the impact of the latter remains poorly understood. Contrasting models portray competition either as driver or inhibitor of diversification processes. Moreover, it has been suggested that the rate of speciation itself is diversity-dependent. A possible mediating factor is interspecific competition, whose impact on diversification may have changed considerable during Earth's history. In low-diverse ecosystems, low competition allows organisms to exploit a considerable habitat width. In more diversified ecosystems, competition has a much higher impact, which restricts biota to their ecological optimum. Through progressing habitat saturation, organisms are forced to adapt to adjacent habitats. Such a phase transition from unsaturated to saturated conditions explains two effects that have been observed in deep time diversification events: (1) a lag phase between the principal establishment (or survival) of higher systematic levels and within-clade diversification, as well as (2) a relatively sudden increase in diversity. Such intrinsic mechanisms may be revealed by the analysis of alpha- and beta-diversity (diversity partitioning). A perfect test case to account for the impact of intrinsic factors is provided by the "Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event" (GOBE) which represents the most significant rise in biodiversity of the whole Phanerozoic. Using quantitative palaeoecology, diversity partitioning, and functional diversity, this project aims to reveal fundamental controls on biodiversification. The Cambro-Ordovician succession of the Basin and Range Province (USA) is perfectly suited as it fulfils central criteria (continuous fossiliferous strata along an environmental gradient across the GOBE) to successfully test such questions. It will be the first study that tracks alpha- (within habitat) and beta- (between habitats) diversity by means of whole-community analysis carried out on the species level throughout this pivotal episode of marine life. The expected results will be crucial in assessing the impact of community level interactions on biodiversification events in general. It will furthermore help to expose time intervals that are characterized by anachronistic framework conditions, and thereby refining the understanding of environmental parameters and evolutionary processes in deep time.

从那时起，阐明创造和维持生物多样性的过程一直是进化研究的核心问题，并且由于现代全球变化导致生物多样性丧失的风险日益增加而引起了特别的兴趣。古生物学研究为重建历史生物多样性轨迹提供了最合适的工具，以揭示生物多样性背后的基本机制。捕食和种间竞争等内在因素被认为发挥着至关重要的作用，但尤其是后者的影响仍然知之甚少。对比模型将竞争描述为多元化过程的驱动因素或抑制因素。此外，有人认为物种形成速率本身是多样性依赖的。一个可能的中介因素是种间竞争，其对多样化的影响在地球历史上可能发生了相当大的变化。在低多样性生态系统中，低竞争使得生物体能够利用相当大的栖息地宽度。在更加多样化的生态系统中，竞争的影响更大，这限制了生物群的生态最佳状态。随着栖息地饱和度的不断提高，生物体被迫适应邻近的栖息地。这种从不饱和条件到饱和条件的相变解释了在深度时间多样化事件中观察到的两种效应：（1）较高系统水平的主要建立（或生存）与进化枝内多样化之间的滞后阶段，以及（2）多样性相对突然的增加。这种内在机制可以通过分析 α 和 β 多样性（多样性划分）来揭示。 “奥陶纪大生物多样性事件”（GOBE）提供了一个解释内在因素影响的完美测试案例，它代表了整个显生宙生物多样性最显着的增长。该项目旨在利用定量古生态学、多样性划分和功能多样性来揭示生物多样性的基本控制。盆岭省（美国）的寒武纪-奥陶系序列非常适合成功检验这些问题，因为它满足中心标准（沿着整个 GOBE 的环境梯度连续的含化石地层）。这将是第一项通过在海洋生物这一关键时期在物种层面上进行的整个群落分析来跟踪α（栖息地内）和β（栖息地之间）多样性的研究。预期结果对于评估社区层面的互动对生物多样性事件的总体影响至关重要。此外，它将有助于揭示以不合时宜的框架条件为特征的时间间隔，从而完善对深层次环境参数和进化过程的理解。

项目成果

Diversity patterns and palaeoecology of benthic communities of the Kanosh Formation (Pogonip Group, Utah, western USA)

• DOI: 10.1007/s12549-020-00426-3
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
• 影响因子: 1.4
• 作者: R. Hofmann;J. Kehl

Diversity partitioning in Phanerozoic benthic marine communities

显生宙底栖海洋群落的多样性划分

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1814487116
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Hofmann;Tietje;Aberhan
• 通讯作者: Aberhan

Firm evidence for a post‐extinction ichnofauna: earliest CarboniferousCruziana reticulataassemblage from the Anti‐Atlas of Morocco

• DOI: 10.1111/let.12345
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Lethaia
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: R. Hofmann;Benjamin Gutwasser;H. Hüneke;D. Korn