"Killing the winner" only? The virome of grassland soils under different land use intensity as the driver for microbial community structure and function (KiWion)

仅仅是“杀死胜利者”吗?

基本信息

项目摘要

Soils, although intensively studied with respect to their microbiology, are lagging virus ecology research compared to marine and freshwater systems. Indeed, soils harbour high numbers of viruses and virus - to - bacteria ratios (VBR) in soil seem to vary much more than in aquatic environments, frequently exceeding these by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude. Variations in virus populations are partly explained by differences in soil pH, water and organic content, hinting at land use differences posing a significant influence on virus diversity and viral - host interactions. With up to 68% of soil bacteria potentially containing inducible prophages, there is indication that the heterogeneous soil environment and the patchy distribution of soil microbial communities select for lysogenic rather than lytic reproduction in soil viruses, with the consequence, that prevalent lysogenic relationships increase the probability of transferring genetic information between phage and prokaryotic hosts by transduction. And indeed, the viral metagenomes analysed, show that up to 50% consists of transduced bacterial and archaeal genes. Although we assume that viruses in soil significantly contribute to host dynamics (Killing the Winner Hypothesis) and adaptation (Red Queen Hypothesis), ecosystem functioning, and biogeochemical processes similar to aquatic systems, the type and frequency of interactions are poorly understood and empirical data are missing. We hypothesize that transduction plays a very important role for resilience in soils under strong land use intensity, since in these soils i) diversity of soil microbes is lower and thus the ecosystem might be more sensitive to changing conditions and ii) the activity of soil microbes is particularly higher which may increase transduction rates, as the replication of the virus in the host requires metabolically active cells. To investigate the guiding hypothesis we will analyse the 150 plots within the Biodiversity Exploratories with a specific focus on grassland ecosystems under different land use intensity. We will investigate the relation between land use intensity, vegetation period, site specific conditions and the number of viruses. We will further describe the composition of the soil viromes as well as major functional traits of prokaryotic origin carried by viruses. Host - virus interaction studies and infection networks derived from CRISPR like structures in the prokaryotic hosts will provide information on community ecology. Finally, we will isolate viruses infecting dominating bacterial groups common to the different grassland soils (e.g. Pseudomonadaceae) for studying their cross - infection potentials.
土壤虽然在微生物学方面得到了深入的研究,但与海洋和淡水系统相比,病毒生态学的研究相对滞后。事实上,土壤中含有大量的病毒,土壤中的病毒与细菌比率(VBR)似乎比水环境中的变化要大得多,往往比它们高出1到2个数量级。病毒种群的差异部分是由土壤pH、水分和有机含量的差异解释的,这暗示着土地利用的差异对病毒多样性和病毒与宿主的相互作用产生了重大影响。由于高达68%的土壤细菌可能含有可诱导的原噬菌体,有迹象表明,土壤环境的异质性和土壤微生物群落的斑块分布选择了土壤病毒的溶源繁殖,结果是,普遍存在的溶源关系增加了通过转导在噬菌体和原核宿主之间转移遗传信息的可能性。事实上,对病毒元基因组的分析表明,高达50%的病毒由转导的细菌和古生菌基因组成。尽管我们假设土壤中的病毒对寄主动态(杀死赢家假说)和适应(红皇后假说)、生态系统功能和类似于水生系统的生物地球化学过程有重要贡献,但相互作用的类型和频率知之甚少,经验数据也缺乏。我们假设,在土地利用强度较大的土壤中,转导对土壤的弹性起着非常重要的作用,因为在这些土壤中,1)土壤微生物的多样性较低,因此生态系统可能对变化的条件更敏感,2)土壤微生物的活动特别高,这可能会增加转导速率,因为病毒在宿主中的复制需要代谢活性细胞。为了研究指导性假设,我们将分析生物多样性探索实验室内的150个地块,重点放在不同土地利用强度下的草原生态系统。我们将调查土地利用强度、植被时期、场地具体条件与病毒数量的关系。我们将进一步描述土壤病毒的组成以及病毒携带的原核起源的主要功能特征。原核宿主中CRISPR类结构衍生的宿主-病毒相互作用研究和感染网络将提供群落生态学的信息。最后,我们将分离感染不同草原土壤(如假单胞菌科)常见的主要细菌群的病毒,以研究它们的交叉感染潜力。

项目成果

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Professor Dr. Antonis Chatzinotas其他文献

Professor Dr. Antonis Chatzinotas的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Professor Dr. Antonis Chatzinotas', 18)}}的其他基金

Microbial predators for biocontrol of bacterial pathogens in wastewater
用于废水中细菌病原体生物防治的微生物捕食者
  • 批准号:
    212464326
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Research Grants
Monitoring diversity patterns of active flagellate taxa in different grassland ecosystems as a tool in terrestrial ecology
作为陆地生态学的工具,监测不同草原生态系统中活跃鞭毛类群的多样性模式
  • 批准号:
    61949274
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Infrastructure Priority Programmes

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Notch1信号通路介导Winner细胞获取超级竞争优势在口腔黏膜上皮异常增生演变的作用与机制研究
  • 批准号:
    82301097
  • 批准年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    30 万元
  • 项目类别:
    青年科学基金项目

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多位获胜者选举中的驾驶行为(宝马)
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  • 财政年份:
    2024
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    --
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    Research Grant
Driving Behaviour in Multi-Winner Elections (BMW)
多位获胜者选举中的驾驶行为(宝马)
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    EP/X038351/1
  • 财政年份:
    2024
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A study of multi-winner election
多获胜者选举研究
  • 批准号:
    23H00801
  • 财政年份:
    2023
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    --
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    Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
Do Humans Show Winner and Loser Effects?
人类会表现出赢家效应和输家效应吗?
  • 批准号:
    575927-2022
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Alexander Graham Bell Canada Graduate Scholarships - Master's
The Neural Mechanisms of Winner and Loser Effect
赢家和输家效应的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    10445660
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
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The Neural Mechanisms of Winner and Loser Effect
赢家和输家效应的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    10705810
  • 财政年份:
    2022
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    --
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Adaptive Detection of Shill Bidding and Multi-Objective Winner Determination
欺骗投标的自适应检测和多目标获胜者确定
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    RGPIN-2018-05596
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Adaptive Detection of Shill Bidding and Multi-Objective Winner Determination
欺骗投标的自适应检测和多目标获胜者确定
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    RGPIN-2018-05596
  • 财政年份:
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    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Adaptive Detection of Shill Bidding and Multi-Objective Winner Determination
欺骗投标的自适应检测和多目标获胜者确定
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  • 财政年份:
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    --
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    Discovery Grants Program - Individual
Adaptive Detection of Shill Bidding and Multi-Objective Winner Determination
欺骗投标的自适应检测和多目标获胜者确定
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