3DIA: 3D printed interactive objects - design, interaction concepts, automation

3D打印功能越来越多，性价比也越来越高。拟议的研究尤其涉及交互对象的3D打印，对于该交互对象，用于计算机输入模式(如触摸)的硬件组件被直接集成为打印过程的一部分。两个趋势助长了在这方面取得进展的重要性。首先，3D打印被认为是生产工程的革命性变化；拟议的研究推进了产品外壳(家用电器、工业机械等)的生产。其中的输入设施已经集成；鉴于电子产品无处不在，这是最可取的。其次，计算机外围设备即将激增；高潜力归因于为特定使用场景或用户定制的有形交互设备。本提案中计划的改进将允许通过3D打印一次性生产定制的有形交互设备：与电容式显示器相结合，它们将立即准备好使用，否则仅在嵌入或附着电子设备之后。研究提案解决三个研究问题：(D)设计：3D可打印对象的通用设计如何扩展到交互硬件的设计和嵌入，(I)交互概念：哪些用户友好且可重复使用的基本交互概念适合于哪些类别的3D打印对象(根据丰富的对象形式和功能)用于什么，以及它们如何被调节以集成在设计支持中(D)？(A)自动化：交互式3D打印对象的3D设计的哪些子任务可以被自动化，例如，非导电材料中的导电材料的布线或产生期望弹性的支撑结构的计算，为此目的需要哪些新的或增强的算法？这些研究问题将在拟议的项目中针对两个具体的输入模式来解决：(I)触摸和触摸手势(例如触摸或抓取)和(Ii)3D打印对象的变形(例如弯曲或挤压)。对这些研究问题的回答将导致对创建相应交互对象的全面支持，从已知的3D设计到集成交互设计，以及通过自动化的详细设计，直到在包括几种商业可获得材料的3D打印过程中的生产。

3D printing is getting ever more versatile and cost-effective. The proposed research concerns in particular 3D printing of interactive objects, for which hardware components for computer input modalities (like touch) are directly integrated as part of the printing process. Two trends fuel the importance of advancements in this respect. Firstly, 3D printing is recognized to revolutionize production engineering; the proposed research advances production of, e.g., product enclosures (for household appliances, industrial machinery etc.) in which the input facilities are already integrated; this is most desirable in light of the ubiquity of electronics-prone products. Secondly, computer peripherals are about to proliferate; high potential is attributed to tangible interaction devices that are customized to specific usage scenarios or users. The advancements planned in the present proposal will allow for one-shot production of custom tangible interaction devices via 3D printing: in combination with capacitive displays, they will be instantly ready to use, otherwise after just embedding or attaching the electronics.The research proposal addresses three research questions:(D)esign: How can the common design of 3D printable object extended towards design and embedding of interaction hardware, with added support for the customization of interaction components for appropriate or desired interaction concepts?(I)nteraction concepts: Which user friendly and re-usable basic interaction concepts are suitable for which categories of 3D printed objects (in light of the wealth of object forms and functions) for what, and how can they be conditioned for integration in the design support (D)?(A)utomation: Which subtasks of the 3D design of interactive 3D printed objects can be automated, such as, e.g., the routing of conductive material in non-conductive material or the computation of support structures yielding desired elasticity, and which novel or enhanced algorithms are required for this purpose?These research questions shall be addressed in the proposed project with respect to two specific input modalities: (i) touch and touch gestures (such as touching or grasping) and (ii) deformation (such as bending or pressing) of the 3D printed objects. The answers to these research questions shall lead to comprehensive support for the creation of corresponding interactive objects, from known 3D design via integrated interaction design and via the automated detailed design until the production in a 3D print process that includes several commercially available materials.