Compact courtyard housing for sustainable urban areas - Typology and redesign of courtyard houses with low-energy or plus-energy standard

该研究项目的重点是为高密度的可持续城市地区重新设计四合院住宅类型。尽管世界上许多地区有着数千年的传统和巨大的多样性，但在过去的几十年里，与外向型建筑类型相比，建筑类型并没有引起足够的关注和发展。关于可持续的城市解决办法，改善现有建筑类型的技术性能是不够的。此外，我们必须发明与特定城市模式和解决方案相联系的新建筑类型。利用最新的技术，计划的项目将导致所谓的“紧凑型庭院住宅”的原则性解决方案，代表着高隐私、高密度和非常有效地利用材料、能源和土地利用等资源。该概念可以在非常小的地块(&lt；80平方米)上提供负担得起的个人住房，具有高空间质量和个人与世隔绝的室内外区域，不仅适用于家庭，也适用于其他住房共享概念。在许多方面，如自然通风、日光利用、消防安全、建筑问题、可再生能源的利用、对适当建筑规范的要求等，“紧凑型”四合院需要不同和创新的解决方案。为了实现这一目标，需要进行跨学科和系统的研究，以开发和优化新的建筑类型。在常规经济条件下，这一复杂的过程不能作为一项常见的设计任务来追求。因此，它需要公共资金。所附申请侧重于第二阶段(两年)，以继续研究表演的类型、城市概念、技术解决方案和可靠的数字。主题如下：-优化单个单元的能源和舒适性方面。-深入了解庭院的微气候性能。-在建筑中寻找适当比例的可再生材料，如木材，也要考虑到生命周期评估、健全保护和经济标准。-分析用于现场后勤、建筑、维护和报废场景的建筑技术和程序。与行业合作伙伴和社区的进一步步骤将产生原型，最好是在城市规模上。对真实性能的监控和用户访谈将在未来完成整个项目。

Englische Zusammenfassung The research project focuses on the redesign of the courtyard house type for sustainable urban areas with high density. Despite a tradition of thousands of years with a huge diversity in many regions of the world, the building type has not attracted adequate attention and development in the last decades compared to "extroverted" building types. With regard to sustainable urban solutions it is not sufficient to improve the technical performance of existing building typologies. In addition, we have to invent new building types connected to specific urban pattern and solutions. Using up to date technology the intended project shall lead to principle solutions of so called "Compact Courtyard Houses" which stand for high privacy, high density and the very efficient use of resources such as material, energy and land use. The concept can provide affordable and individual housing on very small plots (< 80 square meters) with high spacial qualities and personal secluded indoor and outdoor areas, not only for families but also for other house sharing concepts. In regard to many aspects such as natural ventilation, use of daylight, fire security, construction issues, utilisation of renewable sources, demands for suitable building codes etc. the "compact" courtyard house requires different and innovative solutions. To achieve the goal, interdisciplinary and systematic research is needed to develop and to optimise the new building type. The complex process cannot be pursuit as a common design task under conventional economic conditions. Therefore it needs public funding. The attached application focuses on the second stage (two years) to continue working on the typology, urban concepts, technical solutions and reliable figures of the performance. Topics will be as following:- Optimizing the energy and comfort aspects for the single units.- In-depth understanding of the micro-climate performance of the courtyards.- Finding an appropriate proportion of the use of renewable materials for construction, such as timber, also with regard to life-cycle assessment, sound protection and economic criteria.- Analysing the building technologies and processes for site logistics, construction, maintenance and end-of-life-scenarios.Further steps with industry partners and communities shall lead to prototypes preferably on an urban scale. Monitoring of the real performance and user interviews shall complete the whole project in the future.