Genetic and ecological drivers of successful bioinvasion by Gracilaria vermiculophylla

江蓠成功生物入侵的遗传和生态驱动因素

• 批准号: 338827057
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Martin Wahl, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/338827057?language=en
• 关键词: Genetic; ecological; drivers; successful; bioinvasion

The Asia-endemic red alga Gracilaria vermiculophylla invaded the Atlantic and Eastern Pacific coasts since the 1980s and has imposed drastic impacts on community structure and ecosystem function. Although eco-physiological and chemical studies revealed that some ecological traits and chemical defense to predators made considerable contribution to its rapid global invasion, no studies were conducted to reveal whether genetic and/or epigenetic variations and the rate of acclimation/adaptation to new environmental conditions account for the large-scale invasion success of G. vermiculophylla. We propose to elucidate the eco-genetic mechanisms behind the invasion of G. vermiculophylla. The aims of the Chinese side will include (1) the identification of genes with distinct expression profiles in native and invasive populations by transcriptomics and the analysis of how these genes contribute to the ecological adaptation to a wide range of novel environments, (2) the assessment of genetic diversity in and between native and invasive populations using AFLP genotyping, (3) the detection of epigenetic variation within the specific mitochondrial haplotype G. vermiculophylla (H6), which dominated the invasion of Atlantic and E Pacific coasts using MS-AFLP, and (4) the detection of genetic shifts at the population level that indicate selective survival of robust genotypes under stressful conditions during invasion. On the German side the aims will be (1) to determine whether native and invasive populations exhibit different tolerance widths towards environmental stress, (2) to assess the amount of intraspecific variance of stress sensitivity (the basis for adaptation) between native and invasive populations, (3) to compare the rate (i.e. speed) of acclimation/adaptation of native and invasive populations to new environmental conditions and (4) to investigate the role of associated microorganisms in the modulation of host responses to stress. The joint project will not only provide a comprehensive understanding of genetic and ecological mechanisms underlying successful seaweed invasion, but also help to develop a more effective monitoring management for candidate invasive seaweeds, which will mitigate and prevent seaweed invasions worldwide.

自20世纪80年代以来，亚洲特有的红江蓠入侵大西洋和东太平洋沿岸，对群落结构和生态系统功能造成了严重影响。尽管生理生态和化学研究表明，某些生态学特性和对捕食者的化学防御对该虫的全球性入侵有很大贡献，但尚没有研究表明遗传和/或表观遗传变异以及对新环境条件的驯化/适应率是该虫大规模入侵成功的原因。虫叶我们建议阐明的生态遗传机制背后的入侵G。虫叶中方的目标将包括：（1）通过转录组学鉴定在本地和入侵种群中具有不同表达谱的基因，并分析这些基因如何有助于对广泛的新环境的生态适应;（2）利用AFLP基因分型评估本地和入侵种群内部和之间的遗传多样性;（3）线粒体单倍型G内表观遗传变异的检测。利用MS-AFLP技术，对入侵大西洋和东太平洋沿岸的优势种--蚯蚓（H6）进行了研究;（4）在种群水平上检测到了遗传变异，表明在入侵过程中，在胁迫条件下，健壮基因型的选择性存活。德国方面的目标是：（1）确定本地种群和入侵种群是否对环境胁迫表现出不同的耐受宽度，（2）评估胁迫敏感性的种内变异量（适应的基础）之间的本地和入侵种群，（3）比较率（即速度）的驯化/适应的本地和入侵种群的新的环境条件和（4）研究相关微生物在调节宿主对胁迫反应中的作用。该联合项目不仅将全面了解海藻成功入侵的遗传和生态机制，还将有助于开发更有效的监测管理候选入侵海藻，这将减轻和防止全球海藻入侵。