Towards new Brassica crops: genetic improvement of Brassica hexaploids

走向新的芸苔属作物：芸苔属六倍体的遗传改良

• 批准号: 339340200
• 负责人: Professorin Dr. Annaliese Mason
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Professur Pflanzenzüchtung
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/339340200?language=en
• 关键词: Towards; new; Brassica; crops; genetic

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is a major oil crop in both China and Germany. However, this species is highly inbred, and lacks the environmental tolerances of other major crops such as wheat. In order to broaden the genetic basis for rapeseed production, an innovative long-term breeding solution has been proposed: to bring together different Brassica crop species in interspecific hybridisation events to make new crop types which benefit from increased genetic diversity, hybrid vigour and environmental tolerances. However, several problems still need to be addressed in order to develop this new crop. Firstly, genomic stability needs to be ensured, such that true-breeding lines can be produced which maintain high fertility from generation to generation. Secondly, extensive genetic diversity needs to be created in the new crop type for selective purposes, necessitating production of germplasm from diverse sources (both species and genotypes). Finally, this new crop type has to have demonstrated agronomic potential as well as possible advantages over current conventional rapeseed varieties. In order to address these concerns, we propose to combine ongoing research work and advanced generations of Brassica germplasm types generated in both China and Germany. A multi-faceted approach will be used to 1) investigate the relationship between chromosome rearrangements and meiotic behavior in advanced, putatively stable allohexaploid lines from different sources using high throughput genotyping and cytogenetics; 2) enlarge genetic diversity based on existing germplasm and in newly generated lines produced by intercrossing and recombination between diverse Chinese and German germplasm and 3) select and assess agronomic traits in the advanced germplasm using field-based phenotyping and QTL mapping.Results will facilitate the development of a new, high-yielding rapeseed crop species for oil, vegetable and biomass energy production in China, Germany and worldwide.

油菜籽（Brassica napus）是中国和德国的主要油料作物。然而，这个物种是高度近交的，缺乏其他主要作物如小麦的环境耐受性。为了扩大油菜籽生产的遗传基础，提出了一种创新的长期育种解决方案：将不同的芸苔属作物物种在种间杂交事件中聚集在一起，以产生新的作物类型，这些作物类型受益于遗传多样性，杂交活力和环境耐受性的增加。然而，为了开发这种新作物，仍需要解决几个问题。首先，需要确保基因组的稳定性，这样才能产生真正的育种系，使其一代一代保持高育性。其次，为了选择的目的，需要在新的作物类型中创造广泛的遗传多样性，这就需要从不同的来源（物种和基因型）生产种质资源。最后，这种新的作物类型必须具有农艺潜力以及比目前的传统油菜籽品种可能具有的优势。为了解决这些问题，我们建议将正在进行的研究工作与中国和德国生产的先进一代芸苔属种质类型结合起来。将采用多方面的方法：1)利用高通量基因分型和细胞遗传学研究来自不同来源的高级、推定稳定的同种六倍体细胞系的染色体重排与减数分裂行为之间的关系；2)利用现有种质和不同中德种质杂交重组产生的新品系扩大遗传多样性；3)利用田间表型和QTL作图对高级种质的农艺性状进行筛选和评价。研究结果将有助于在中国、德国和世界范围内开发用于油料、蔬菜和生物质能生产的新型高产油菜籽作物。

项目成果

Challenges and prospects for a potential allohexaploid Brassica crop

• DOI: 10.1007/s00122-021-03845-8
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Theoretical and Applied Genetics
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Kangni Zhang;A. Mason;M. Farooq;F. Islam;Daniela Quezada-Martinez;Da-You Hu;Su Yang;J. Zou;Weijun Zhou

Fertile allohexaploid Brassica hybrids obtained from crosses between B. oleracea and B. juncea via ovule rescue and colchicine treatment of cuttings

• DOI: 10.1007/s11240-019-01728-x
• 发表时间: 2019-11
• 期刊: Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
• 作者: M. Mwathi;Mehak Gupta;Daniela Quezada-Martinez;A. Pradhan;J. Batley;A. Mason