Nanoparticles of Base Metals (Mg0, Al0, Gd0, Sm0)

金属的碱性越强，颗粒尺寸越小，液相合成金属纳米颗粒的难度越大。贱金属的纳米颗粒具有高活性（即焦性），只能在严格缺乏氧气（即空气、水分、含氧起始材料和溶剂）的情况下获得。当然，分析表征也需要在严格的惰性条件下进行。基于这种情况，只有少数报道涉及贱金属的纳米颗粒，如Mg0， Al0， Gd0或Sm0。另一方面，贱金属及其合金的纳米颗粒由于其材料性质（如量子尺寸效应、催化作用、H2储存、磁体等）而非常有趣。本项目旨在合成高纯度、低氧化物的贱金属纳米颗粒。例如，在液相（低沸点醚和胺，如四氢呋喃和吡啶或液氨）中，通过碱性金属萘的还原可以制备粒径<10 nm的Mg0、Al0、Gd0和Sm0。表征将通过标准的首次分析方法（DLS， XRD, FT-IR， SEM）以及强大的电子显微镜和电子能谱方法（TEM， STEM， SAED， EDXS， EELS）进行。此外，Mg0, Al0， Gd0和Sm0纳米颗粒的反应性将研究双金属纳米颗粒（合金，金属间相，核壳结构，janus型结构），特殊形貌（空心球体，纳米棒）和选定的材料性质（如量子尺寸效应，H2吸附，磁性，催化）。

The synthesis of metal nanoparticles in the liquid phase is the more challenging the more basic the respective metal and the smaller the particle size are. Nanoparticles of base metals are highly reactive (i.e. pyrophoric) and can be obtained only in strict absence of oxygen (i.e. air, moisture, oxygen-containing starting materials and solvents). Naturally, the analytical characterization needs to be also performed under strict inert conditions. Based on this situation only few reports have yet addressed nanoparticles of base metals such as Mg0, Al0, Gd0 or Sm0. Nanoparticles of base metals and alloys thereof, on the other hand, are highly interesting in view of their material properties (e.g. quantum size effects, catalysis, H2 storage, magnets, etc.).This projekt aims at the synthesis of high-purity, low-oxide nanoparticles of base metals. Exemplarily, Mg0, Al0, Gd0 and Sm0 will be prepared with particle sizes <10 nm in the liquid phase (low-boiling ethers and amines like tetrahydrofuran and pyridine or liquid ammonia) via reduction with alkaline metal naphthalenides. The characterization will be performed via standard methods for first analysis (DLS, XRD, FT-IR, SEM) as well as by powerful electron microscopic and electron spectroscopic methods (TEM, STEM, SAED, EDXS, EELS). Moreover, the reactivity of Mg0, Al0, Gd0 and Sm0 nanoparticles will be studied with regard to bimetallic nanoparticles (alloys, intermetallic phases, core-shell structures, Janus-type structures), special morphologies (hollow spheres, nanorods) and selected material properties (e.g. quantum size effects, H2 sorption, magnetism, catalysis).