Episodes of ice age cave artists - analyses of human spoor with indigenous knowledge and western science

基于三项试点研究(2013年至2015年)，这里提出的研究项目将专注于法国西南部彩绘洞穴中晚更新世和早全新世的人类臭味。来自纳米比亚的土著追踪者将用他们自己的方法调查选定的洞穴中的臭味。在这里提出的研究项目框架内，将用实际的西方方法来分析相同的问题，以便比较这两个知识领域的预期结果。自20世纪70年代以来，对彩绘洞穴中人类气味的分析在史前研究中是非常必要的，尽管它们提供了有关彩绘洞穴使用的重要信息。这里提出的研究项目有三个主要目标：1.对2013年产生的结果进行评估；2.从选定的彩绘洞穴中产生新的数据；3.设计一种混合科学来解释人类脚印。最后一点将与与Tilman Lenssen-Erz(Köln)和Peter Breunig(法兰克福)一起申请的考古和土著知识一揽子计划(DFG 944/1)密切结合起来，特别是建立一门用土著知识和西方科学方法解读人类粪便的混合科学，将可持续地传播到考古科学和更广泛的公众中。

Based on three pilot studies (2013 to 2015) the research project proposed here will focus on late Pleistocene and early Holocene human spoor in painted caves in southwestern France. Indigenous trackers from Namibia will investigate spoor in selected caves with their own methods. The same spoor will be analysed with actual western methods within the frame of the research project proposed here in order to compare the expected results from both fields of knowledge. The analyses of human spoor in painted caves are desiderata in prehistoric research since the 1970s although they provide important information about the use of painted caves. The research project proposed here has three main goals: 1. evaluation of the results produced in 2013, 2. generation of new data from selected painted caves, and 3. layout of a hybrid science for the interpretation of human footprints. The last point will be developed in close connection with the other two projects applied for in package Archaeology and indigenous knowledge (DFG 944/1) with Tilman Lenssen-Erz (Köln) and Peter Breunig (Frankfurt).Especially the setup of a hybrid science of reading human spoor with indigenous knowledge and with western scientific methods will spread sustainably into the archaeological sciences and also into the wider public.