The importance of phylogenetic distance and functional-trait dissimilarity between alien and native plant species in the formation of novel pollination mutualisms

生物入侵为研究群落聚集提供了独特的实时机会，因为许多外来生物已经融入当地居民社区，并且已经建立了新的生物相互作用。关于新型植物-传粉者相互作用在入侵群落聚集中的作用，有两个明显矛盾的主要概念。首先，可以使用与本地植物相同的传粉媒介的外来植物物种应该更容易吸引传粉者并成功建立（传粉者促进或过滤）。其次，可以使用不同于本地传粉者的外来植物物种应该更容易在当地社区吸引传粉者，从而形成新的植物-传粉者相互作用（传粉者介导的竞争）。在本文中，作者提出了几种创新的方法来测试外来和本地植物物种之间的系统发育距离和功能上重要的花和开花相关性状的差异性在涉及外来植物物种和本地传粉者的新型植物-传粉者相互作用中的重要性。首先，利用从性状数据库和植物园收集的数据，我将测试多种花性状的组合是否影响外来植物物种融入新的本地植物区系，以及这与外来植物物种和本地植物物种之间的系统发育距离如何相关。其次，在温带和热带地区的多个群落中，我将测试外来植物与本地植物之间的系统发育距离和/或花性状差异是否会影响外来植物的访花和适合度。第三，在温室实验中，我将测试花粉干扰对本地和外来植物物种的影响是否受到系统发育距离和花性状差异的影响。总的来说，本研究将首次验证外来和本地植物物种之间的系统发育距离和花性状差异在形成新的传粉共生关系中的重要性。

Biological invasions offer unique real-time opportunities to study the assembly of communities, as many alien organisms have integrated into native resident communities, and novel biotic interactions have been established. There are two apparently contradicting major concepts on the roles of novel plant-pollinator interactions in the assembly of invaded communities. First, alien plant species that can use the same pollinators as the native plant species should more readily attract pollinators and establish successfully (pollinator facilitation or filtering). Second, alien plant species that can use different pollinators from the natives should more readily attract pollinators in the local community, and thus form novel plant-pollinator interactions (pollinator-mediated competition). Here, I propose several innovative approaches to test the importance of phylogenetic distance and dissimilarity in functionally important floral and flowering related traits between alien and native plant species in novel plant-pollinator interactions involving alien plant species and native pollinators. First, using data collected from trait databases and botanical gardens, I will test whether the combination of multiple floral traits influences the integration of alien plant species into novel local floras, and how this relates to the phylogenetic distance between the alien and the native plant species. Second, in a field experiment, I will test whether flower visitation and fitness of experimentally added alien plants are influenced by phylogenetic distance and/or floral trait dissimilarity between the alien and the native plant species in multiple communities in temperate and tropical sites. Third, in a greenhouse experiment, I will test whether the effect of pollen interference on both native and alien plant species is influenced by phylogenetic distance and floral trait dissimilarity. Overall, the proposed research will allow testing for the first time the importance of phylogenetic distance and floral trait dissimilarity between alien and native plant species in the formation of novel pollination mutualisms.