The language dynamics of the ancient Central Andes

古代安第斯山脉中部的语言动态

• 批准号: 356787355
• 负责人: Dr. Matthias Urban
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsbereich Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Independent Junior Research Groups
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/356787355?language=en
• 关键词: language; dynamics; ancient; Central; Andes

The project aims to facilitate a deeper understanding of the language history of the Central Andes (coast and highlands of present-day Peru and Bolivia). An overarching concern is to contribute new insights into the dynamics of this prehistoric culture area, which is characterized by a millennia-long trajectory of societal complexity. In doing so, specific Andean modes of socioeconomic organization are taken into account as the cultural background for the language history more strongly than is usual.Concretely, the project investigates two questions:There is a general consensus that the two most widespread language families of the Central Andes, Quechua and Aymara, which have shaped the language history of the region decisively, are interwoven with one another through a profound contact relationship that projects back to the respective proto-languages. Scenarios as to the sociolinguistic context which could have conditioned such salient contact-induced convergence processes, however, have been little explored. Ethnohistoric and ethnographic evidence shows that, in at least two regions, Quechua and Aymara were embedded into socioeconomic specializations within vertically integrated Andean societies, with pastoralists living at high altitudes speaking Aymara and agriculturalists who settled at lower altitudes speaking Quechua. The project investigates whether from this evidence a plausible model for the prehistoric interaction between Quechua and Aymara can be distilled and, if so, for which geographic area it could be valid. A key role will be played by toponymic evidence, especially the question whether the distribution of placenames that go back to Quechua and Aymara respectively correlate with different altitudinal tiers. A second project investigates to what extent in the Chachapoyas region on the eastern slopes of the Andes in Northern Peru a correlation between topography, archaeological givens, and linguistic differences obtained. Also here, preliminary evidence suggests that linguistic differentiation went hand in hand with different social identities within the pre-Colombian Chachapoyas archaeological culture which have an archaeologically visible correlate.Taken together, the possibility of a significant role of Andean languages as indices of intra-societal differences in prehistory emerges, which is investigated in the context of the project.The relevance of the project is high in two regards. On the one hand, it makes a significant contribution to filling voids in the theory of Andean historical linguistics. On the other hand, it avoids common problems at the interface of archaeology and linguistics and breaks new ground in modelling the relationship between archaeological and linguistic data, which lends it relevance beyond the language history of the Central Andes.

该项目旨在促进更深入地了解中安第斯山脉(今天的秘鲁和玻利维亚的沿海和高地)的语言历史。一个最重要的问题是为这个史前文化区域的动态提供新的见解，这个区域的特点是长达数千年的社会复杂性轨迹。在此过程中，安第斯山脉特定的社会经济组织模式被视为语言历史的文化背景。具体而言，该项目调查了两个问题：人们普遍认为，安第斯中部两个最广泛的语系--盖丘亚语和艾马拉语--通过追溯到各自原始语言的深刻联系关系相互交织在一起，这两个语系决定性地塑造了该地区的语言史。然而，关于社会语言学语境可能制约这种显著的接触诱导的趋同过程的情景，很少被探索。民族史学和人种学证据表明，在至少两个地区，盖丘亚族和艾马拉族融入了垂直一体化的安第斯社会中的社会经济专门领域，居住在高海拔地区的牧民说艾马拉语，定居在低海拔地区的农学家讲盖丘亚语。该项目调查是否可以从这些证据中提炼出盖丘亚人和艾马拉之间史前相互作用的可信模型，如果是的话，它可能适用于哪个地理区域。地名证据将发挥关键作用，特别是关于分别追溯到盖丘亚和艾马拉的地名的分布是否与不同的海拔等级相关的问题。第二个项目调查秘鲁北部安第斯山脉东坡的查查波亚斯地区地形、考古条件和语言差异之间的相关性。同样在这里，初步证据表明，在前哥伦比亚查查波亚考古文化中，语言差异与不同的社会身份密切相关，这与考古学上的可视相关性有关。综上所述，安第斯语言作为史前社会内部差异指数的重要作用的可能性出现了，这在该项目的背景下进行了调查。该项目在两个方面具有很高的相关性。一方面，它对填补安第斯历史语言学理论的空白做出了重大贡献。另一方面，它避免了考古学和语言学交界处的常见问题，并在建立考古数据和语言数据之间的关系模型方面开辟了新的天地，这使其具有超越中央安第斯山脉语言历史的相关性。