Novel superparamagnetic, luminescent nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging (MPI) applications (SuLuMaP)

该研究概念的目的是提供新的双功能MPI示踪剂，该示踪剂结合了联合收割机超顺磁性和发光特性，考虑到最重要的因素，如量子效率，生物相容性，细胞渗透性，超顺磁性和流体动力学半径，以增加多模态诊断的意义。双功能性允许互补成像方法。这些示踪剂可用于光学成像，以相对较低的仪器费用测量近地表示踪剂分布作为具有较大空间分辨率的二维投影。其在MPI中的使用具有显著更高的仪器费用，提供了感兴趣的对象的低洼区域中的示踪剂分布的三维图像。多模式混合系统，如最近推出的3D双模MPI-MRI系统，将越来越多地使用在未来。最近的研究活动涉及细胞跟踪，并描述了SPIO（超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒）或19 F纳米乳液的应用，以使用X射线和MRI进行多模式成像。除了发光镧系元素之外，还将使用生物相容性有机染料。的流体动力学半径，这是负责减缓的松弛，应调整的手段的亲水/疏水表面特性。为此，正在考虑使用氟化化合物。颗粒的包覆有四种可能性：1）使用氟化聚合物作为磁铁矿的涂层2）氟化有机染料的偶联3）使用氟化连接剂，通过该氟化连接剂可以实现细胞渗透性4）用氟化烷烃或树枝状分子封端表面上的游离羧基或硅烷醇基团。由于这些不同的选择的颗粒，表面极性的微调是可能的，这将在系统的试验中详细说明。

The aim of the research concept is to provide new bifunctional MPI tracer that combine superparamagnetic and luminescent properties, taking into account the most important factors such as quantum efficiency, biocompatibility, cell permeability, superparamagnetic and hydrodynamic radius, in order to increase the significance of multimodal diagnoses. The bifunctionality allows a complementary imaging approach. These tracers can be used for optical imaging to measure near-surface tracer distributions as two-dimensional projections with great spatial resolution at relatively low instrumental expense. Its use in MPI with substantially higher instrumental expense provides three-dimensional images of the tracer distribution in low-lying areas of the object of interest. Multimodal hybrid systems such as the recently introduced 3D dual-modal MPI-MRI system will be increasingly used in future. Recent research activities are concerned with cell tracking and describe the application of SPIO (superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles) or 19F nanoemulsions, to perform multi-modal imaging using X-ray and MRI. In addition to luminescent lanthanide, also biocompatible organic dyes are going to be used. The hydrodynamic radius, which is responsible for the slowing of the relaxation, should be adjusted by means of the hydrophilic / hydrophobic surface property. For this purpose fluorinated compounds are being considered. There are four possibilities for the fluorination of the particles: 1) use of fluorinated polymers as coating for the magnetite 2) coupling of fluorinated organic dyes 3) use of fluorinated linkers with which the cell permeability can be enabled 4) end capping the free carboxyl - or silanol groups on the surface with fluorinated alkanes or dendrons. Due to these various options of fluorination of the particles, a fine adjustment of the surface polarity is possible which will be elaborated in systematic trials.