Quantitative and qualitative gendered time-use in travel-based multitasking

该提案是“性别背景下的通勤和活动模式”项目的延伸。它使用德国时间使用调查数据来解开男性和女性在旅行期间复杂的时间使用模式，重点放在基于旅行的多任务，即在旅行期间进行的次要活动(工作、护理、自由支配)。具体地说，该项目有三个经验性的工作包，重点关注以下主题：第一，分析不同人群之间旅行中多任务处理的差异，并比较旅行中多任务处理的人与不在旅行中多任务处理的旅行者。在这里，目的是比较纯粹旅行(没有多任务)和污染旅行(通过多任务和次要活动)所花费的时间，并解开基于旅行的多任务与联合旅行(单独旅行、有孩子(Ren)、与伴侣、与他人)和旅行目的的关联。第二，探索基于旅行的多任务与协变量的关联，例如家庭和个人社会人口统计、工作特征、旅行中伴侣/孩子的存在、旅行特征(高峰/非高峰旅行时间、模式使用、旅行时间、通勤距离)、空间属性(城市、地区)、带薪时间使用、无偿和休闲活动(在家)，以及对时间使用的偏好。第三，在工作相关的多任务背景下，探索时间压力或时间使用满意度等主观测量(作为结果变量)与通勤时间之间的关联。两种模式：有多项任务的工作旅行和没有多任务的工作旅行将被比较，以考察时间使用对主观感受的影响如何变化。其他解释变量包括家庭和个人社会人口学、空间属性(城市化、地区)、单独或与他人一起旅行、以及人际互动(伴侣效应)。使用的方法包括描述性统计和线性/二项/多项/分数回归分析。这项研究将为今后的研究和政策建议提供基础，这些研究和政策建议涉及旅行、福祉和时间利用对工作与家庭融合的影响。

The proposal is an extension of the project ‘Commuting and activity patterns in a gender context’. It uses German Time Use Survey data to unravel the complex bundles of time-use patterns of men and women during travel, with a focus on travel-based multitasking, i.e. the secondary activities carried out during travel (work, care, discretionary). Specifically, the project has three empirical work packages that focus on the following topics.First, to analyse how multitasking varies during travel between different population groups and compare travelling multitaskers with travellers who do not multitask during trips. Here, the aim is to compare the time spent in pure travel (without multitasking) and contaminated travel (by multitasking with secondary activities) and unravel associations of travel-based multitasking with joint travel (‘with whom’ – alone, with child(ren), with partner, with others) and travel purposes.Second, to explore the association of travel-based multitasking with covariates such as household and personal sociodemographics, job characteristics, presence of partner/child during travel, trip characteristics (peak/off-peak travel time, mode use, travel time, commute distance), spatial attributes (urbanity, region), time use in paid, unpaid and leisure activities (in-home), and preferences in time use. Third, to explore the association between subjective measures (as the outcome variable) such as time pressure or time-use satisfaction and commute time in the context of job-related multitasking. Two models: job-related travel with multitasking and job-related travel without multitasking will be compared to examine how the effects on subjective feelings of time use vary. Other explanatory variables include household and personal sociodemographics, spatial attributes (urbanity, region), travelling alone or with others, and interpersonal interaction (partner effects).Methods used include descriptive statistics and linear/ binomial/ multinomial/ fractional regression analysis. The research will provide a basis for future research and policy recommendations with respect to its implications for travel well-being and time use towards job-family integration.