Globalization from Below. Circular Migrations between South Asia and Africa, c. 1850-2000 (GloBe)

人口迁移是后帝国世界和全球世界的一个构成要素，并引起了广泛但不对称的历史学关注。存在着几个不平衡：对不同的欧洲帝国以及它们之间的跨境流动的关注不均衡；忽视了对《帝国的终结》(S)的关注，忽视了殖民时期建立的流动对后殖民时代的影响；专注于帝国机构，损害了对其他群体的作用的了解；忽视了不仅流入和流出大都市的流动，而且包括在任何特定帝国内部和外部的移民；相对忽视了移民对那些留在后面的人和移民的影响，即表达移民及其社会世界的经历。GloBe的目标是把这些主题放在分析的中心。GloBe将南亚人与东非、莫桑比克和南非的多维循环移民运动进行了比较。对多层面的循环移徙运动的关注为研究西印度洋的移民史提供了一个新的视角，使人们对不同类型的移徙运动、不同帝国和民族国家之间的流动以及移徙者与当地居民之间的社会关系有了比较的看法。因此，分析和了解19世纪和20世纪南亚和非洲之间的循环移徙运动具有重要意义。南亚仍然是生活在非洲的南亚人的参照点，也是一些移民返回或定期前往的地方，以保持他们跨越西印度洋的联系。Global将调查南亚移民到非洲的历史轨迹，他们流动的连续性和变化，以及他们迁移到非洲不同地区的相似和不同之处。它区分了不同类型的移徙，以便对南亚和非洲之间的循环移徙运动有一个新的理解。在方法上，这个项目涉及查阅三大洲(欧洲、南亚、非洲)的档案，并将对幸存的南亚移民的口述历史采访的分析编织到我的作品中。我将为现有的学术贡献新的方面：运动的循环特征；英国和葡萄牙帝国内部的帝国内部联系；英国和葡萄牙帝国之间的帝国间联系，以及从20世纪中叶开始，帝国和民族国家之间的联系，以弥合殖民和后殖民时代的分歧。这项Sachbeihelfe申请是为了补充我的海森堡计划申请，以支付研究期间的档案和田野研究的旅费和其他费用。

Migration of people is a constituting element of the post-imperial and global worlds, and has attracted wide but asymmetrical historiographical attention. There are several imbalances: uneven attention to the different European Empires and border-crossings between them; a negligence to look across the "end of Empire(s)" and to consider the post-colonial implications of flows established in colonial periods; a preoccupation with imperial agency to the detriment of understanding the agency of other groups; a neglect of flows that are not merely to and from the metropolis, but which include migrations within and outwith any particular Empire; and a relative neglect to consider the implications of migrations for those left behind as well as those who migrate, i.e. to give voice to the experiences of the migrants and their social worlds. It is the aim of GloBe to put these themes at the centre of the analysis.GloBe compares multi-dimensional, circular migration movements of South Asians to East Africa, Mozambique, and South Africa. The focus on multi-dimensional, circular migrations movements provides a novel perspective in the study of migration history in the Western Indian Ocean which opens up comparative views on different types of migration movements, on flows of mobility across different empires and nation-states, and on social relationships between and among migrants and local populations. It is therefore of great relevance to analyse and understand circulatory migration movements between South Asia and Africa in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. South Asia remained a reference point for South Asians living in Africa, and also was a place to which some migrants returned, or were travelling to on a regular basis to maintain their connections across the Western Indian Ocean. GloBe will investigate South Asian migrants to Africa, their historical trajectories, the continuities and transformations of their movements, as well as similarities in and differences between their migrations to different parts of Africa. It differentiates the various types of migration in order to create a novel understanding of circular migration movements between South Asia and Africa. Methodologically, the project involves consulting archives in three continents (Europe, South Asia, Africa) and weaving the analysis of oral history interviews with surviving South Asian migrants into my work. I will contribute new aspects to existing scholarship: on the circulatory character of movements; on intra-imperial connections within the British and the Portuguese Empires; on inter-imperial connections between the British and Portuguese Empires, and from the mid-twentieth century on, between empires and nation-states bridging the colonial and post-colonial divide.This Sachbeihilfe-application is meant to complement my Heisenberg-Programme application to cover the travel expenses for archival and field research and other costs during the period of research.