Theory of dissipative fluid dynamics (B01)

点击翻译按钮获取中文摘要

Fluid dynamics can be formulated as an expansion in powers of the Knudsen number Kn, the ratio of a microscopic to a macroscopic length scale. However, since the systems created in heavy-ion collisions are small and feature large gradients of the fluid-dynamical fields, there are regions where Kn is not small, limiting the applicability of fluid dynamics. We use the method of moments to systematically improve the theory of dissipative fluid dynamics and extend its range of applicability, by including higher-order terms in, and by using an anisotropic reference state for, the expansion in powers of Kn. We control our approximations by comparison to solutions of the Boltzmann equation.