New theoretical methods for Full Counting Statistics and noise spectra in nano-scale electronic systems with long memories

随着技术向纳米级发展，对小导体的动力学性质的了解变得越来越重要。理解和控制纳米尺度系统中的量子特性是设计新型电子器件的关键之一，例如在纳米电子学、纳米光子学和量子通信中。电流在其平均值附近的动态起伏--全计数统计量(FCS)和噪声谱--已被认为是全面评估电子系统量子力学性质的潜在工具。然而，在这个项目中，我们计划解决的主要问题是：1.关于量子系统中FCS的定义及其与量子测量的关系的基本问题。2.计算强相互作用长记忆耗散系统FCS和噪声谱的新理论方法。3.在现有和/或将在这里发展的理论框架内解释FCS实验数据。

With technology advancing towards the nanoscale level, the understanding of dynamical properties of small conductors becomes progressively important. The understanding and the control of quantum properties in nanoscale systems is one of the major keys for the design of new electronic devices, for example in nanoelectronics, nanophotonics, and quantum communication. Dynamical fluctuations of the electric current around its average - full counting statistics (FCS) and noise spectra - have been recognized as a potential tool for fully assessing quantum mechanical properties of electronic systems. There are, however, major open and unsolved issues which we plan to attack within this project: 1. Fundamental questions concerning the very definition of FCS in quantum systems and its relation to the quantum measurement. 2. New theoretical methods for calculating FCS and noise spectra for strongly interacting, dissipative systems with long memory times. 3. The interpretation of experimental FCS data within the framework of theories presently available and/or to be developed here.