Word recognition from a frame and fill perspective: Unraveling the impact of spatial frequency processing and prediction generation on reading proficiency

从框架和填充的角度进行单词识别：揭示空间频率处理和预测生成对阅读能力的影响

• 批准号: 385052283
• 负责人: Dr. Sebastian Korinth
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Zentrum für Individuelle Entwicklung und Lernförderung (IDeA)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/385052283?language=en
• 关键词: Word; recognition; frame; fill; perspective

Given the enormous importance of good reading skills for all members of modern societies, it is necessary to understand the causes of inter-individual differences in reading ability beyond the field of learning disorders (e.g., dyslexia). Without ignoring the diversity of potentially influencing factors, this research project focuses on differences in visual perception and their influence on reading ability. Building on an established neurocognitive model for visual object recognition, the Frame and Fill model (FaF) by Moshe Bar, it will be investigated to what extent reading skill depends on two inter-related factors, namely, (1) on differences in processing high and low spatial frequencies (number of dark and bright edges per visual angle), and (2) on differences in using low-spatial frequency information for quickly generating predictions about word identities. A generalization of FaF to the word recognition domain might explain reading performance through a general model of perception and therefore generate new, explicitly verifiable hypotheses for reading research. Its specific assumptions about cortical localizations and the time-course of individual processing steps enable multi-modal testing of FaF on several levels of the word recognition domain. Research objective one comprises large-scale screening tests to identify individuals with preferences for low or high spatial frequencies using so-called Navon stimuli (i.e., multiple local, high-frequency stimuli are arranged to form global, low-frequency stimuli). Furthermore, the influence of spatial frequency preference on inter-individual differences in word recognition speed and accuracy is investigated through an innovative contour-priming task, in which low-spatial frequency components (word contours) should promote the generation of word identity predictions. Objectives two and three investigate the neuronal underpinnings of spatial frequency processing and contour-driven prediction generation in participant groups of different reading profiles. The high temporal resolution of electroencephalography will be used to investigate the exact time-course of prediction generation and subsequent processing facilitation postulated by FaF. The high spatial resolution of fMRI , in turn, will allow verifying the central FaF-hypothesis, that low-frequency-based predictions of object identity originate in the orbitofrontal cortex.

鉴于良好的阅读技能对现代社会所有成员的巨大重要性，有必要了解学习障碍领域之外的阅读能力个体间差异的原因（例如，阅读障碍）。在不忽视潜在影响因素的多样性的前提下，本研究着重于视觉感知的差异及其对阅读能力的影响。基于Moshe Bar的框架和填充模型（Frame and Fill model，FaF），我们将研究阅读技能在多大程度上取决于两个相互关联的因素，即（1）在处理高和低空间频率时的差异（每个视角的暗边缘和亮边缘的数量），以及（2）使用低空间频率信息快速生成关于单词身份的预测的差异。将FaF推广到单词识别领域可能会通过感知的一般模型来解释阅读表现，从而为阅读研究产生新的、明确可验证的假设。它的具体假设皮质定位和时间过程中的个人处理步骤，使多模态测试的FaF的几个层次的单词识别域。研究目标一包括使用所谓的Navon刺激（即，多个局部高频刺激被排列以形成全局低频刺激）。此外，空间频率偏好的影响，个体间差异的单词识别速度和准确性的调查，通过一个创新的轮廓启动任务，其中低空间频率成分（字轮廓）应促进产生的字身份预测。目的二和目的三研究不同阅读特征的被试群体中空间频率加工和轮廓驱动预测产生的神经基础。脑电图的高时间分辨率将被用来研究预测生成的确切时间过程和随后的加工促进假设的FaF。fMRI的高空间分辨率，反过来，将允许验证中央FaF假说，即基于低频的物体身份预测起源于眶额皮层。