Measurements of volcanic Sulfur and Carbon Emissions at high temporal Resolution

这是申请从德国到阿根廷以及那里的科帕韦火山和彼得罗亚火山旅行的旅行经费，我们计划在那里与阿根廷的研究人员一起用一种新型仪器测量二氧化硫。结合现场CO2测量，我们期望CO2/SO2比值的数据集具有前所未有的精度和时间分辨率。虽然在过去的几十年里，火山学家对二氧化硫的遥感已经很好地建立起来，但地面和空中的现场测量仍然是获得补充信息的必要条件。目前，SO2的原位测量通常由电化学传感器进行，其缺点包括：(1)相对较长的响应时间（约20秒或更长），(2)对火山羽流中存在的其他几种反应气体的干扰（难以量化甚至未知），(3)需要频繁校准。我们利用非色散紫外吸收原理（PITSA，便携式原位二氧化硫分析仪）开发了一种新开发的光学原位二氧化硫传感器原型，克服了这些问题。由于uv - led的最新发展，其具有成本效益的SO2测量应用已成为可能。空气样本被抽进一个玻璃电池，暴露在UV-LED（约290nm）的光束下，其中基本上只有二氧化硫显示出吸收特征。因此，通过电池的辐射强度的降低成为样品空气中二氧化硫含量的一个指标。PITSA设备与商用二氧化碳传感器相结合，因此可以分别以0.1 ppm和1 ppm的精度测量二氧化硫和二氧化碳。这为火山学应用开辟了新的可能性。

This is a request for travel funds for a trip from Germany to Argentina and the Copahue and Peteroa volcanoes there, where we plan measurements of SO2 with a new type of instrument together with researchers from Argentina. Combined with in-situ CO2 measurements we expect a data set of CO2/SO2 ratios of unprecedented accuracy and time resolution.Although remote sensing of SO2 has become well established among volcanologists over the last decades, ground based and airborne in-situ-measurements remain essential to obtain comple¬mentary information. Nowadays in-situ measurements of SO2 are often performed by electrochemical sensors, which suffer from several disadvantages including (1) relatively long response times (ca. 20 s and more), (2) interferences to several other reactive gas species present in volcanic plumes (which are hard to quantify or even unknown), (3) the need for frequent calibration. We overcome these problems with a newly developed optical in-situ SO2-sensor prototype, relying on the principle of non-dispersive UV-absorption (PITSA, Portable in-situ Sulfurdioxide Analyser). Its cost-effective application for measurements of SO2 has become possible by the recent developments of UV-LEDs. The sample air is pumped through a glass cell, where it is exposed to the light beam of an UV-LED (ca. 290nm), in which essentially only SO2 shows absorption features. Therefore the reduction of the radiation intensity passing the cell becomes an indicator for the sample air's SO2-content. The PITSA device is combined with a commercial CO2 sensor thus allowing SO2 and CO2 measurements at 0.1 ppm and 1 ppm accuracy, respectively. This opens up new possibilities in volcanological applications.