Chiton tooth composites: from biosynthetic mechanisms to bioinspired, highly wear resistant materials

Chiton 牙齿复合材料：从生物合成机制到仿生高耐磨材料

• 批准号: 390531587
• 负责人: Dr. Linus Stegbauer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Grenzflächenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie IGVP
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Fellowships
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2016-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/390531587?language=en
• 关键词: Chiton; tooth; composites; biosynthetic; mechanisms

Nature possesses an unreached control over structure and properties of mineralized tissues such as teeth and bones, curving single crystals in any fashion and creating tough and light weight self-repairing skeletal structures. An organic matrix surrounding the minerals plays a critical role in selectively forming and templating metastable mineral precursors and directing its transformation into the final state. Nature’s precise control starts from atomic level and exceeds current synthetic capabilities. Modern material fabrication lacks behind and needs large amount of energy to process and synthesize materials for semiconductors, medicine or construction – often in extensive top-down fabrication steps at high temperature and high pressure. It is a responsibility of scientists to find innovative methods for decreasing the carbon footprint of this. The overall aim of the project is to better understand the biomineralization of the chiton’s teeth, which consists of one of the hardest and most wear-resistant biogenic materials, a magnetite/chitin composite, and to transfer this new knowledge into the synthesis of new nanocomposite materials with outstanding properties. For this,1) I investigate the role of the proteins in the organic matrix during tooth formation by state-of-the-art proteomics methods. 2) I apply the novel technique of Mössbauer imaging to have a closer look on the iron species in the different stages of development of the teeth. 3) I use selfassembled monolayers (SAMs) to mimic the organic/inorganic interactions based upon bioinspired iron binding motif discovered by point 1 and 2. 4) I transfer this knowledge to investigate the formation of a functionalized chitin/magnetite nanocomposite. This project will inspire and offer unique training by exposing me to this multidisciplinary field where chemistry, biology and materials science meet, enabling me to embark on my own academic career.

大自然对牙齿和骨骼等矿化组织的结构和特性拥有无与伦比的控制能力，可以以任何方式弯曲单晶体，并创造出坚韧且轻质的自我修复骨骼结构。矿物周围的有机基质在选择性形成和模板化亚稳态矿物前体以及指导其转变为最终状态方面发挥着关键作用。大自然的精确控制从原子水平开始，超越了目前的合成能力。现代材料制造落后，需要大量能量来加工和合成半导体、医药或建筑材料——通常是在高温高压下进行广泛的自上而下的制造步骤。科学家有责任找到减少碳足迹的创新方法。该项目的总体目标是更好地了解石鳖牙齿的生物矿化，石鳖牙齿由最坚硬、最耐磨的生物材料之一——磁铁矿/甲壳素复合材料组成，并将这一新知识转化为具有优异性能的新型纳米复合材料的合成。为此，1）我通过最先进的蛋白质组学方法研究了牙齿形成过程中有机基质中蛋白质的作用。 2）我应用穆斯堡尔成像新技术来仔细观察牙齿不同发育阶段的铁形态。 3) 我使用自组装单层 (SAM) 来模拟基于第 1 点和第 2 点发现的受生物启发的铁结合基序的有机/无机相互作用。 4) 我将这些知识转移到研究功能化甲壳质/磁铁矿纳米复合材料的形成。该项目将让我接触化学、生物学和材料科学交汇的多学科领域，从而激发并提供独特的培训，使我能够开始自己的学术生涯。