Quiet-Sun Magnetic Fields and Newly Emerging Flux - Dynamics, Energetics, and Upper Atmospheric Response

探索无处不在的宁静太阳磁场和新出现的通量之间的复杂张力和错综复杂的关系，激发了德国和捷克的研究合作。波茨坦莱布尼茨天体物理研究所和捷克共和国科学院天文研究所提议联合研究小尺度光球和色球磁场。新出现的通量区（EFR）表现出影响规则颗粒图案的光球特征，产生微孔和孔隙，并最终导致更大，更复杂的结构，如活动区，包括孔隙和太阳黑子群。色球层对新兴通量的响应是包含冷等离子体的场向暗结构。这些拱丝系统（AFS）被认为是突出的强色球吸收线H-α和近红外（NIR）He I三重态在1083.0 nm。一个上升的欧米茄环系统最好地描述了所观察到的EFR和AFS的性质，但只提供了一个说明的通量出现过程，而不是一个完整的描述的基础物理。因此，我们将跟踪新出现的通量从光球，色球层和过渡区，日冕，推导出其三维磁场拓扑结构，评估磁场配置的稳定性，并检查能量输入和平衡在不同的大气层。我们将研究如何（磁）声学色球波和小规模的磁场重联有助于日冕的能量输入。拟议项目的总主题是等离子体运动和磁场之间相互作用的基本太阳过程。我们的调查是建立在成像和近红外光谱偏振与GREGOR太阳望远镜，结合高分辨率地面观测磁场和极紫外线数据从空间任务。1.5米的格里戈尔望远镜是欧洲最大的太阳望远镜，也是高分辨率太阳物理学的首要设施。该研究项目将为科学案例的定义、观测活动的设计、数据简化和分析方法的评估以及研究人员为下一代大口径太阳望远镜（如美国的丹尼尔K. Inouye太阳望远镜（DKIST）和欧洲太阳望远镜（EST）。

Exploring the complex tension and intricate relationship between the ubiquitous quiet-Sun magnetic fields and newly emerging flux motivates this German-Czech research cooperation. The Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) and the Astronomical Institute - Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (ASU) propose to jointly investigate small-scale photospheric and chromospheric magnetic fields. Newly emerging flux regions (EFRs) exhibit photospheric signatures affecting the regular granulation pattern, creating micro-pores and pores, and eventually leading to larger, more complex structures like active regions including groups of pores and sunspots. The chromospheric response to emerging flux are field-aligned dark structures containing cool plasma. These arch filament systems (AFSs) are seen prominently in the strong chromospheric absorption line H-alpha and in the near-infrared (NIR) He I triplet at 1083.0 nm. A rising system of Omega-loops best describes the observed properties of EFRs and AFSs but only provides an illustration of the flux emergence process rather than a full description of the underlying physics. Therefore, we will trace newly emerging flux from the photosphere, over chromosphere and transition region, to the corona, derive its three-dimensional magnetic field topology, evaluate the stability of the magnetic field configuration, and examine energy input and balance in various atmospheric layers. We will investigate how (magneto)acoustic chromospheric waves and small-scale magnetic reconnection contribute to the energy input of the corona. The general theme of the proposed project is the fundamental solar process of the interaction between plasma motions and magnetic fields. Our investigation is founded in imaging and NIR spectropolarimetry with the GREGOR solar telescope, combining high-resolution ground-based observations with magnetic field and extreme ultraviolet data from space missions. The 1.5-meter GREGOR telescope is Europe's largest solar telescope and a premier facility for high-resolution solar physics. The proposed research project will significantly contribute to definition of science cases, design of observing campaign, evaluation of data reduction and analysis methods, and preparation of researchers for the next generation of large-aperture solar telescopes like the U.S. American Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) and the European Solar Telescope (EST).