Primary Study on the Real-Scale Cloud Experiments in a Long Vertical Shaft

长竖井实尺度云实验初步研究

• 批准号: 05453197
• 负责人: FUKUYAMA Tsutomu
• 金额: $ 5.06万
• 依托单位: The National Institute for Environmental Studies
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1993 至 1994
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-05453197/
• 关键词: Cloud Chemistry; Vertical Shaft; Artificial Cloud Experiment; Cloud Droplet Size; Hot-film Droplet Sizing Device; Chemical Reactions in Cloud Droplets; Formation of Acid Rain

This project was originally scheduled for the period from 1993 to 1994 fiscal years to be carried out in the Nambu Shaft of Mitsui Coal Mining Co.in Kamisunagawa, Hokkaido. However the sudden closure of the shaft in September, 1993, forced us to search for another one suitable for the experiment. After several inquiries and negotiations, an agreement was reached in November, 1994, with Kamaishi Mining Co.in Iwate Prefecture on the use of one of their shafts, but it did not become usable until March, 1995, because of the repairment of facilities and the preliminary observation of enrivonmental conditions. After all these efforts, the first cloud experiment was done in April, 1995, and the second in October, and several results were obtained which fulfillled some of the original purposes of this project.In both of the experiments, it was observed that cloud was formed at altitudes of about ten to several tens of meters. Sulfur dioxide (SO_2) was emitted at the base of the shaft with a fl … More ow rate of about 1l/min, and its concentration was measured below and in the cloud together with the sulfate aerosol concentration. The sulfur content in the cloud water was also measured. As a result, it was found that the total amount of sulfur was conserved at least immediately below and above the cloud bottom, and also that almost all SO_2 was absorbed into the cloud water as it flowed in an updraft. In the second experiment, the vertical distribution of SO_2 concentration was obtained by an SO_2 meter loaded on the elevator. The concentation distribution was expressed by a double exponential funciton with two different decay constants for the altitudes below and above the cloud bottm. The half-life for the in-cloud decay was 80 s showing the rapidity of the rainout process. Cloud droplets size distribution was also observed at the top of the shaft. The size distribution was mostly monomodal with a peak around 9 mum, but a second peak appeared intermittently around 30 mum. Those large droplets were detected by the Water Blue Film method as well. The number concentration of those droplets was not high, but they were found to have significant contribution to the cloud water content. Less

该项目原定于1993至1994财政年度在北海道上砂川三井煤矿的南部矿井进行。Co.in然而，1993年9月，竖井突然关闭，迫使我们寻找另一个适合实验的竖井。经过几次调查和谈判，1994年11月与岩手县釜石矿业达成协议，使用他们的一个矿井，但由于设施的修复和对环境条件的初步观察，直到1995年3月才开始使用。Co.in经过这些努力，1995年4月进行了第一次云实验，1995年10月进行了第二次云实验，并获得了一些结果，这些结果实现了该项目的一些最初目的。在竖井底部排放二氧化硫（SO_2）， ...更多信息 流速约为1 L/min，并与硫酸盐气溶胶浓度一起测量了云下和云中的浓度。还测量了云水中的硫含量。结果表明，在云底正下方和正上方，SO_2的总量是守恒的，而且几乎所有的SO_2都在上升气流中被云水吸收。第二个实验是利用安装在升降机上的SO_2测量仪测量SO_2浓度的垂直分布。浓度分布在云底以下和云底以上用两个不同衰减常数的双指数函数表示。云内衰变的半衰期为80 s，显示出雨灭过程的快速性。在竖井顶部也观察到云滴的尺寸分布。的大小分布主要是单峰的峰约9妈妈，但第二个峰间歇地出现约30妈妈。这些大液滴也通过水蓝膜方法检测到。这些云滴的数浓度不高，但对云水含量有显著贡献。少

项目成果

内山政弘: "人工雲実験" Green Blue Paper. No.2. 1-3 (1995)

内山雅宏：《人工云实验》绿蓝皮书第 2 期（1995 年）。

福山力: "立坑を利用した人工雲実験" エアロゾル研究. 10. 54-59 (1995)

Riki Fukuyama：“使用轴的人工云实验”气溶胶研究。10. 54-59 (1995)

FUKUYAMA,T.: "Cloud Experiments in a Long Vertical Shaft" Journal of Aerosol Research, Japan. Vol.10, No.1. 54-59 (1995)

FUKUYAMA,T.：“长垂直轴中的云实验”气溶胶研究杂志，日本。

UTIYAMA,M.: "Artificial Cloud Experiments" Green Blue Paper. No.2. 1-3 (1995)

UTIYAMA,M.：“人工云实验”绿蓝皮书。

福山 力: "立坑を利用した人工雲実験" エアロゾル研究. 10(第1号)(未定). (1995)

Tsutomu Fukuyama：“使用垂直轴的人工云实验”Aerosol Research 10（No.1）（TBD）。