Real Scale Experiment of Pollution and Modification of Cloud by using a Vertical Shaft.

在岩手县釜石矿业公司竖井内的人工云实验系统中，研究了二氧化硫溶解成云滴并被氧化成硫酸盐的过程。在不同的高度上，通过连续采样器收集了液滴、气溶胶和气体中的硫化合物。各高度的含硫化合物浓度表明，竖井底部释放的二氧化硫被云滴吸收，但氧化成硫酸盐的速度较慢，这可能是由于竖井内缺乏光照和氧化剂的原因;氯化钠和亚硫酸氢钠颗粒由加湿器产生并注入竖井底部。颗粒的模态直径为0.1 ~ 0.5μm。在没有粒子注入的情况下，云滴的模态直径为7 μm。随着粒子的注入，云滴的模态直径没有改变，但粒径分布变宽，用电子显微镜和X射线分析仪发现，到达竖井顶部的云滴中，超过50%的云滴含有注入粒子的化学物种。但是，其他的颗粒含有碳酸钙。这表明，碳酸钙颗粒或表面包覆碳酸钙的矿物颗粒在大气中可能起凝结核的作用。

The process of sulfur dioxide dissolution into cloud droplets and its successive oxidation to sulfate were studied in an artificial cloud experimental system in a vertical shaft in Kamaishi mining company, Iwate prefecture. Sulfur compounds in droplets, aerosols and gas were collected by serial samplers at several heights. The concentrations of sulfur compounds at each height indicate that the released sulfur dioxide at the bottom of the shaft was absorbed by cloud droplets, but the oxidation rate to sulfate was slow which may be due to the absence of light and oxidants in the shaft.Sodium chloride and sodium hydrogensulfite particles were generated by humifier and injected into the base of shaft. Modal diameter of the particles is 0.1〜0.5μm. Without the particle injection, modal diameter of cloud droplets was 7 μm. With the particle injection, modal diameter of cloud droplets did not change, but the size distribution widened out to larger diameter.By using eletron microscope with X ray analyzer, we found that more than 50 % of the droplets, which arrived at top of the shaft, contained chemical species of the injected particles. But, the other particles cintained calsium carbonate. It shows that calsium carbonate particles or mineral particles coated with calsium carbonate on the surface may act as condensation nuclei in the atmosphere.