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A numerical model for the analysis and simulation of electro-active paper

电活性纸分析与模拟的数值模型

基本信息

批准号：
393020662
负责人：
Professor Dr.-Ing. Sven Klinkel
金额：
--
依托单位：
Lehrstuhl für Baustatik und Baudynamik
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2017
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2016-12-31 至 2019-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/393020662?language=en
关键词：
numerical model analysis simulation electro

项目摘要

In recent years, electro-active paper (EAPap) has emerged as an interesting alternative in the field of actuation devices. Similar to piezoelectric materials and dielectric elastomers, the material is deformed under the influence of an electric field. In contrast to these materials, no build-up of layers is necessary for an actuator device in order to enable a bending actuation. Since an ionic diffusion process occurs through the thickness of the paper, the actuator is mainly bent instead of being compressed as in piezo-ceramics and dielectric elastomers. The main advantage of this technology is that large bending deformations can be obtained for low voltage application. Other remarkable properties are lightweight and biodegradability, which opens up many possibilities for practical applications in the field of smart actuators.EAPap is a piezoelectric cellulose which is characterized by ordered regions consisting of chitosan chains. During the fabrication process, hydrogen chloride is injected in the material which gets attached to the ordered chitosan chains. Under the influence of an applied electric field, the chloride anions detach from the chitosan chains and migrate to the anode, converging towards a heterogeneous distribution of ionic mass and charge. Consequently, electrostatic forces and hydrostatic stresses are heterogeneously distributed over the thickness of the EAPap, which results in the bending of the actuator. In the literature, the phenomenological behavior is highly simplified with respect to the structural analysis by piezoelectric models. This research project aims for a numerical and phenomenological model, which captures the physical bending behavior of EAPap by considering the piezo effect as well as the diffusion of ions. Since EAPap is a rather thin structure, a shell formulation is derived as a starting point for the modeling. We seek for a model that incorporates the inhomogeneous ionic distribution by a so-called scaled boundary shell formulation. Additionally, it facilitates the computation of the highly non-linear strains through the thickness of the structure. An extension to electro-mechanical coupled problems is provided. We are aiming for a model that accounts for the bending actuation mechanism by describing the deformation of EAPap as a function of the ionic distribution. The model includes electrostatic forces as well as volumetric changes. Moreover, the time-dependent behavior is an additional focus of the project. In particular, a model for the ionic migration over time is proposed. For this purpose, the diffusion of ions is considered as a function of the applied external electric field. Finally, the project provides a simulation method for the development and refinement of EAPap actuators for realistic applications. This method may also be adapted conveniently to similar actuation principles as e.g. ionic polymer metal composites.

近年来，电活性纸（EAPap）已成为致动装置领域中令人感兴趣的替代品。类似于压电材料和介电弹性体，材料在电场的影响下变形。与这些材料相反，致动器装置不需要层的构建以实现弯曲致动。由于离子扩散过程通过纸的厚度发生，致动器主要是弯曲的，而不是像压电陶瓷和介电弹性体那样被压缩。该技术的主要优点是，在低电压应用中可以获得大的弯曲变形。其他显着的特性是重量轻和生物降解性，这开辟了许多可能性，在智能执行器领域的实际应用。EAPap是一种压电纤维素，其特征是由有序区域组成的壳聚糖链。在制造过程中，氯化氢被注入到附着在有序壳聚糖链上的材料中。在外加电场的影响下，氯阴离子从壳聚糖链上分离并迁移到阳极，朝向离子质量和电荷的不均匀分布会聚。因此，静电力和流体静压应力不均匀地分布在EAPap的厚度上，这导致致动器的弯曲。在文献中，现象学行为是高度简化的压电模型的结构分析。本研究计划旨在建立一个数值和唯象模型，通过考虑压电效应以及离子扩散来捕捉EAPap的物理弯曲行为。由于EAPap是一个相当薄的结构，壳配方推导作为建模的起点。我们寻求一个模型，采用了所谓的缩放边界壳配方的不均匀的离子分布。此外，它有助于计算通过结构厚度的高度非线性应变。机电耦合问题的扩展。我们的目标是通过描述EAPap的变形作为离子分布的函数来解释弯曲致动机制的模型。该模型包括静电力以及体积变化。此外，时间依赖行为是该项目的另一个重点。特别是，提出了一个模型的离子迁移随时间的推移。为此，离子的扩散被认为是所施加的外部电场的函数。最后，该项目提供了一个模拟方法的开发和完善的EAPap执行器的实际应用。该方法也可以方便地适用于类似的致动原理，例如离子聚合物金属复合材料。