好気性および嫌気性膜分離活性汚泥法における薬剤耐性遺伝子の動態に関する研究

抗生素释放到环境中可能导致抗菌素耐药性（AMR）传播，进而阻碍有效预防病原体引起的感染。 β-内酰胺是使用最广泛的抗生素，细菌对这些抗生素的耐药性是一个严重的威胁，已被广泛报道。在β-内酰胺类药物中，氨苄青霉素是一种以青霉素为基础的抗生素，用于治疗多种细菌感染。据估计，日本每年兽医使用氨苄青霉素为 49000 公斤。本研究的目的是阐明从日本污水处理厂进水、出水和受纳水生环境（琵琶湖）中分离出的氨苄西林耐药大肠杆菌（E. coli）的抗生素耐药性特征和遗传特征，结果提供了抗生素（氨苄青霉素）胁迫下污水处理厂进水、出水和琵琶湖中大肠杆菌的遗传特征和比较。结果表明，水生环境中抗生素的选择会影响大肠杆菌种群的遗传组成。进一步的研究应该讨论和比较不同抗生素（例如磺胺、大环内酯）对水生环境中耐药细菌流行的影响。

The release of antibiotics into the environment can result in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) spread, which in turn can impede the effective prevention of infections caused by pathogens. β-lactams are the most widely used antibiotics, and bacterial resistance to these antibiotics is a severe threat that has been widely reported. Among the β-lactams, ampicillin is one kind of penicillin-based antibiotics which is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. Veterinary use of ampicillin is estimated to 49000 kg per year in Japan. The objectives of this study are to clarify antibiotic resistance characteristics and genetic characterization in ampicillin resistant Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from WWTPs influent, effluent and the receiving aquatic environment (the Lake Biwa) in Japa results provided the genetic characterization and comparison of E. coli from WWTPs influent, effluent and Lake Biwa under antibiotic (ampicillin) stress. And the results suggest that the antibiotic selection in aquatic environment will affect the genetic composition of E. coli populations. Further research should discuss and compare the effects of different antibiotics (e.g. sulphonamide, macrolid) on the prevalence of resistant bacteria in aquatic environments.