Analysis and modeling of brain's dynamics of sleep stage transitions

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We investigated the effects of an increase sleep pressure after exercise on dynamic aspects of sleep and electroencephalogram during Stage2 in healthy subjects to reveal the characteristics of switches which regulate sleep stage transitions. All the subjects were negative for sleep disorders. After exercise, the subjects showed a significantly (p < 0.05) greater probability of transition from Stage1 to Stage2 and a significantly (p < 0.05) lower rate of transition from Stage1 to wake than baseline. For electroencephalogram during Stage2 just before transitions to other sleep stages, the number of sleep spindles and K-complexes significantly (p < 0.05) increased before transitions to slow wave sleep (SWS) and wake or Stage1 compared to transitions to other sleep stages, respectively. These results suggest that dynamic sleep morphology might be simulated using mathematical models of a Stage2-wake/Stage1 switch, a Stage2-REM switch, and a Stage2-SWS switch.