Local Priests and their communities in the early middle ages. An edition of handbooks of priests

在8世纪和11世纪之间，中欧和西欧的乡村教会组织发生了根本性的变化。它见证了教区的发展，这是一个新的机构，一直到现代都在塑造当地的社会实践。然而，人们对这种转变知之甚少。在过去的一个世纪里，研究人员试图用“特征”(Stutz)等概念来接近它，但这两个概念现在都被认为过于有限，甚至具有误导性。然而，到目前为止，还没有开发出替代方法。此外，最近的研究还表明，地方牧师充当了与宫廷有联系的精英和当地社区之间的中间人，这使他们成为加洛林式“矫正”的重要主角。他们的社会概况、经济潜力、教育和知识很少被研究，尽管各种案例研究表明，有丰富的来源可以告知我们这些问题。此外，还有大量现存的手稿，这些手稿曾被当地牧师在教育期间或作为手册使用，几乎没有人探索过。因此，这个项目有三个目标。(1)首先，它的目的是分析当地教会的制度化，以便为“Eignkirche”和“église privée”的概念开发替代方案。(2)其次，它希望探讨加罗林世界不同地区当地牧师的社会、经济和司法概况。(3)第三，九世纪当地牧师的手稿将作为一种重要的新的初级来源语料库进行开发和探索。这一项目的结果将不仅对我们对加洛林世界的形象产生重大影响，而且对11世纪所谓的“格里高利改革”产生重大影响。申请者目前正在编写一本将实现目标(1)和(2)的书；对于这项研究，他的资金来自“Opus-Magnum”--大众基金的赠款。为了实现目标(3)，我们在这里申请两年的博士后资助(65%)，准备三本9世纪重要的牧师手册的网络版。

Between the 8th and the 11th century, rural church-organisation changed fundamentally in central and western Europe. It saw the development of the parish, a new institution that was to shape local social practice until deep into the modern age. However, little is know about this transformation. In the past century, research has attempted to approach it with concepts such as the „Eigenkirche“ (Stutz), respectively the „église privée“ (Lesne), but both of these have now been recognised as too limited and even misleading. However, an alternative approach has not been developed so far. Recent research has, moreover, demonstrated that local priests acted as intermediaries between court-connected elites and local communities, which made them into important protagonists of Carolingian „correctio“. Their social profiles, economic potential, education and knowledge has been hardly studied, even though various case-studies show that there are rich sources to inform us about such matters. Additionally, there is a substantial corpus of extant manuscripts once used by local priests, either during their education or as handbooks, which has been barely explored at all. This project, therefore, has three goals. (1) First of all, it aims to analyse the institutionalisation of the local church in order to develop alternatives for the concepts of „Eigenkirche“ and „église privée“. (2) Secondly, it wishes to explore the social, economic and juridical profiles of local priests in various regions of the Carolingian world. (3) Thirdly, the manuscripts for ninth-century local priests will be opened up and explored as an important new corpus of primary sources. The results of this project will have significant consequences for our image of not just the Carolingian world, but also of the so-called „Gregorian reform“ of the eleventh century. The applicant is currently preparing a book which will achieve goals (1) and (2); for this research, he is funded by an „Opus-Magnum“-grant of the Volkswagen-Stiftung. To achieve goal (3) we are applying here for the funding of a Post-Doc (65 %) for two years, to prepare an online-edition of three important 9th century handbooks for priests.