Analysis of thermographic images in an extravasation model of intravenous infusion in healthy adults

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The purpose of this study was to develop objective indicators for identifying extravasation. Subjects comprised six healthy men and women who underwent observation for extravasation using thermography. As a model of extravasation, saline was drip-infused at 1.7 ml/min through a catheter inserted into the subcutaneous tissue of the forearm. As a control group, saline was drip-infused through a catheter placed in a vein in the contralateral forearm at the same rate. We observed the position of the catheter and the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue both before and after infusion using ultrasonography. Thermographic imaging around the tip of the catheter was performed every 10 s from the start of infusion. In all subjects, thermography showed a low-temperature region appearing at the catheter tip within 2 min of starting infusion.These results suggest that thermography can be used to identify extravasation in a fast and non-invasive manner.