Master Plans. International Town Planning Competitions and the Reinvention of the City, 1890 to 1930

主要计划。

• 批准号: 397633889
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Jan Eckel
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Neueste Geschichte und Zeitgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/397633889?language=en
• 关键词: Master; Plans.; International; Town; Planning

Groß-Wien, Gran Barcelona, Mare Bucuresti: The late 19th and early 20th centuries saw a series of large international town planning competitions, organized to select the most promising schemes for rebuilding and expanding big cities in almost every region of the world. These events aimed at nothing less than developing all-encompassing plans for creating the cities of the future. At least 50 ambitious competitions took place between the 1890s and the 1920s, spanning Europe, North and South America, Asia and Australia. Their scope was truly international, as competitors and juries came from numerous different countries. Moreover, town planning competitions rapidly created their own dense web of references, as participants engaged in lively exchanges of ideas and began to build on earlier competitions.Striving to comprehensively plan the whole of the city, these competitions opened up a novel space of ideas as well as of practices. The proposed project aims at reconstructing and interpreting the history of these international events for the first time. By means of several case studies covering the whole period in question as well as various world regions, the project explores the views of modern life articulated in the competitions, the competing visions of the future discussed in the process and the role of transnational comparisons and transfers in shaping ideas of the modern city. The study focuses four levels: the attempts of experts to devise supposedly rational solutions for the glaring social ills caused by the dynamic urban growth of the mid-19th century, rivaling visions of social order, conflicts of interest and the evolving international framework of town planning competitions.Illuminating the history of town planning competitions, the study will place its findings in larger historiographical contexts. It aims at deepening our understanding of the discourse on town planning among European experts, transcending the perspectives that historians of city building and city planning have pursued so far. Furthermore, the project provides fresh impulses for comparative and transnational urban history, highlighting the interconnections between cities in the early phase of globalization. Finally, the study will expand research on technocratic planning, social engineering and Fordism by widening the time frame to include the later 19th century, by examining regions beyond Europe and by studying sets of actors that have gone largely unnoticed so far. Framing international town planning competitions as a crucial forum, the project seeks to demonstrate that the rise of large-scale, at times even totalitarian planning emerged from an overlap of local, national, international, and global initiatives.

大城市-维也纳、大巴塞罗那、布库雷斯蒂：19世纪末和20世纪初，一系列大型国际城市规划竞赛在世界上几乎每个地区举行，旨在选出最有前途的大城市重建和扩建方案。这些活动的目的无非是为创造未来的城市制定全面的计划。从19世纪90年代到20世纪20年代，至少有50场雄心勃勃的比赛在欧洲、南北美洲、亚洲和澳大利亚举行。他们的范围是真正的国际性，因为竞争对手和陪审团来自许多不同的国家。此外，城市规划竞赛迅速形成了自己的密集参考网，参与者积极交流思想，并开始在以前的竞赛基础上再接再厉。这些竞赛力求全面规划整个城市，开辟了一个新的思想和实践空间。该项目旨在首次重建和解释这些国际事件的历史。通过几个案例研究，涵盖了整个时期以及世界各个地区，该项目探讨了在比赛中表达的现代生活的观点，在这个过程中讨论的未来竞争愿景以及跨国比较和转移在塑造现代城市理念中的作用。该研究侧重于四个层面：专家们试图为世纪中期城市的蓬勃发展所造成的社会弊病提出合理的解决方案，与社会秩序、利益冲突和不断发展的国际城市规划竞赛框架相抗衡。这项研究将阐明城市规划竞赛的历史，并将其研究结果置于更大的历史背景中。它旨在加深我们对欧洲专家关于城市规划的论述的理解，超越城市建设和城市规划历史学家迄今为止所追求的观点。此外，该项目为比较和跨国城市历史提供了新的动力，突出了全球化早期阶段城市之间的相互联系。最后，这项研究将扩大对技术官僚规划，社会工程和福特主义的研究，通过扩大时间范围，包括19世纪后期，通过研究欧洲以外的地区，并通过研究迄今为止基本上未被注意到的演员集。该项目将国际城市规划竞赛作为一个重要的论坛，旨在证明大规模甚至是极权主义规划的兴起源于地方、国家、国际和全球倡议的重叠。