Competing heuristics and biases in mental arithmetic

心算中的竞争启发法和偏见

• 批准号: 399243166
• 负责人: Professor Martin Fischer
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Abteilung Allgemeine Psychologie I (Kognitive Psychologie)
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2017-12-31 至 2020-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/399243166?language=en
• 关键词: Competing; heuristics; biases; mental; arithmetic

In contrast with the apparent ease of solving simple arithmetic problems such as “1+2”, a large number of recent studies have revealed heuristics and biases in mental arithmetic. The “operational momentum” (OM) effect refers to an apparent overshoot while moving along a hypothetical “mental number line” towards the results. The origin of OM is currently under debate. Three innovative series of experiments probe the relative contributions of heuristics and biases to OM. Parts A and B examine directional and non-directional features of OM to pinpoint interactions between spatial and quantitative cognition. Part C investigates the influence of different reading habits and notations of arithmetic problems to assess the generality of the proposed model across cultures. This project will clarify current research on the origin of OM, augment the recently proposed model by adding operand order and reading direction biases, and extend the well-established “heuristics and biases” approach to human thought into the domain of (apparently) rational mathematical cognition. It will also inform the teaching and rehabilitation of arithmetic skills by enabling better-graded task difficulty.

与“1+2”等简单算术问题的简单解相比，近年来的大量研究揭示了心算中存在的问题和偏差。“操作动量”（OM）效应指的是当沿着沿着一条假设的“心理数字线”向结果移动时的明显过冲。OM的起源目前仍在争论中。三个创新的系列实验探索的相对贡献，化学和偏见OM。 A部分和B部分考察了OM的方向性和非方向性特征，以确定空间认知和数量认知之间的相互作用。第三部分探讨了不同的阅读习惯和算术题记法的影响，以评估所提出的模型在不同文化中的通用性。本计画将厘清目前关于OM起源的研究，并借由加入运算元顺序与阅读方向偏差来扩充最近提出的模型，以及将人类思维的“逻辑与偏差”方法延伸至（表面上）理性的数学认知领域。它还将通过实现更好的分级任务难度，为算术技能的教学和康复提供信息。

项目成果

Measuring the Mathematical Mind: Embodied Evidence from Motor Resonance, Negative Numbers, Calculation Biases, and Emotional Priming

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78471-3_7
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Handbook of Embodied Psychology
• 作者: M. Fischer;A. Felisatti;Elena Kulkova;M. A. Mende;A. Miklashevsky