Modelling of production systems for estimating dairy and beef cattle production based on floar of solar and fuel energy.

基于太阳能和燃料能源的生产系统建模，用于估算奶牛和肉牛的产量。

• 批准号: 63860037
• 负责人: OKUBO Tadakatsu
• 金额: $ 7.36万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Developmental Scientific Research
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1988 至 1990
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-63860037/
• 关键词: Fuel energy input; Energy efficiency; Cattle production system; Dairy production system; Output; Input ratio of fuel energy; シミュレ-ションモデル; 補助エネルギ-効率; 補助エネルギ-消費(畜産); 補助エネルギ-の効率(畜産); 畜産におけるエナジーフローモデル; 泌乳のモデル

Efficiencies of solar energy fixation and the ratios of energy output by biomass production to subsidiary energy input by fuel use were compared among several types of cropping and grazed oasture.The biomass yield of herbage available for animals (herbage available) is ranging from 1400 to 6700 kg/ha/year under the conditions of farmer's management with low level of fertilizer application. These values correspond to 0.20 % of the conversion efficiency from the annual solar energy input to the fixed energy of the herbage available for grazing cattle.The cattle grew at the rate of 0.5 kg/head/day in body weight gain (daily gain) on an average. Converting the daily gain into the energy yield per unit area of the grazed pasture, we can calculate the efficiency of cattle production to the total input of solar energy. The value of efficiency was only 0.0029 % on an average.Grazed pasture showed lower efficiencies of solar energy fixation, but higher ratios of energy output to fuel energy input. Well managed grazing pasture gave a high value of the ratio of biomass energy yield against on-the-farm fuel energy input without reducing the efficiency of solar energy fixation. Input of 1 KJ of fuel energy on-the-farm produced 0.5 KJ in rice grain, 2.5 KJ in silage of soiling crops such as corn and oat and 6.2-8.6 KJ in grazed pasture.

比较了几种不同种植方式和放牧方式的光能固定效率和生物质能产出与燃料辅助能的比值。在农户管理和低水平施肥的条件下，牧草(可利用牧草)的生物量产量为1400~6700 kg/ha/年。这些值相当于年太阳能输入到放牧牛可用牧草固定能量的转换效率的0.20%。牛的平均增重(日增重)为0.5公斤/头/天。将日增重换算为单位牧草面积的能量产量，就可以计算出养牛业生产效率对太阳能总投入的影响。平均效率仅为0.0029%。放牧草地的太阳能固定效率较低，但能量输出与燃料能量输入的比率较高。管理良好的放牧草地，在不降低太阳能固定效率的情况下，生物质能产量与农场燃料能量投入的比率很高。农田每投入1KJ燃料能量，稻谷产量为0.5KJ，玉米、燕麦等土壤作物青贮料产量为2.5KJ，放牧草地产量为6.2-8.6KJ。

项目成果

黒川勇三、大久保忠旦 ほか: "トールフェスク放牧草地における牧草の供給から放牧牛による増体蓄積までのエネルギー効率" 日草誌. 36. 238-246 (1990)

Yuzo Kurokawa、Tatatan Okubo 等人：“在高羊茅草场放牧牛从草料供应到增重积累的能源效率”Nippon Zasshi，36. 238-246 (1990)。

大久保 忠旦(分担): "システム農学" ミネルヴァ書房, 446 (1990)

大久保忠丹（合伙人）：“系统农业”Minerva Shobo，446（1990）

OKUBO,T.,KUROKAWA,Y.and MATSUI,K.et al.: "Sersonal variation of cattle daily jain,plant characteristics and solar energy conversion efficiercy in grazing pastures of D.glomerata and of F.arundinacea." Proc.Intern.Grassl.Congr.X VI.Nice.16. 1113-1114 (1989

OKUBO,T.,KUROKAWA,Y.和MATSUI,K.等人：“D.glomerata 和 F.arundinacea 放牧牧场中牛每日耆那教的个体变化、植物特征和太阳能转换效率。”

K.Matsui, T.Okubo, et al: "Automatic determination of grazing and feeding behavior of horse in paddock and stall." 61. 648-654 (1990)

K.Matsui、T.Okubo 等人：“自动确定马在围场和马厩中的放牧和进食行为。”

大久保 忠旦(編著): "草地字" 文栄堂出版, (1990)

大久保忠丹（编辑）：《草原人物》文内道出版社，（1990）