Development of Separation and Purification Processes with Reverse Micelles Using Functional Reaction

用动态光散射法测量了将气溶胶OT溶解于异辛烷中制备的反胶束的大小及其分布。这些与AOT浓度无关，与水含量相关，水含量受体水相盐浓度控制。提出了一种简单的蛋白质在胶束溶液中溶解的方案，该方案假设吸附在水溶液和有机溶液界面上的蛋白质在遇到比蛋白质大的胶束时可以溶解到胶束中。胶束与蛋白质之间的空间和静电相互作用的影响也被考虑在内。本方案应用于溶菌酶、α -胰凝乳酶和牛血清白蛋白的分离。反胶束散装液膜利用胶束与蛋白质之间的静电相互作用和/或空间相互作用（尺寸排斥效应），成功地应用于蛋白质的高选择性分离。通过控制pH值、水相中KCl的浓度和膜相中初始含水量，以及选择阴离子或阳离子表面活性剂（AOT或CTAB），可以实现蛋白质通过液膜从一个水相到另一个水相的高度选择性上坡运输。这受待分离蛋白质的物理性质差异的影响，如等电点、表面电荷和分子量。蛋白质的变性主要是由AOT分子在低浓度的KCl水溶液中形成络合物而引起的，与传统的批量萃取相比，变性很小。将液膜分离系统进一步扩展为利用蛋白质转移速率差异的分离方法。AOT膜和CTAB膜的联合液膜系统也能有效地同时分离蛋白质。少

1)Reverse Micelle Size Distribution and Mechanism of Protein Solubilization into Reverse Micelles The size and its distribution of reverse micelles prepared by dissolving Aerosol OT in isooctane were measured by using a dynamic light scattering method. These were independent of AOT concentration and were correlated with water content which was controlled by salt concentration in the bulk aqueous phase. A simple scheme for solubilization of proteins into micelle solution has been presented which assumes that the proteins adsorbed on the interface between aqueous and organic solutions may dissolve into the micelles when they encounter with the micelles of which sizes are greater than those of the proteins. The effect of the steric and electrostatic interaction between the micelles and proteins has also been taken into account.Separation of Lysozyme, alpha-Chymotrypsin and BSA was carried out as an application of the present solubilization scheme.2)Separation of Proteins with Reverse Mice … More llar Liquid Membranes Reverse micellar bulk liquid membrane was successfully applied to the separation of proteins with high selectivity by utilizing electrostatic interaction and/or steric interaction(size exclusion effect) between micelles and proteins. Highly selective uphill transport of proteins through the liquid membrane from an aqueous phase to another can be achieved by manipulating pH, concentration of KCl in both aqueous phases and initial water content in the membrane phase and also by selecting anionic or cationic surfactant( AOT or CTAB ). This is effected by the differences in the physical properties of the proteins to be separated such as isoelectric point, surface charge and molecular weight. Denaturation of proteins, mainly caused by complex formation with AOT molecules at low concentration of KCl in the aqueous phase for recovery, is considerably small compared with that encountered in conventional batch extraction. The liquid membrane separation system was further extended to the separation method utilizing the difference of transfer rate of proteins concerned. The combined liquid membrane system with both AOT and CTAB membranes is also effective for the simultaneous separation of proteins. Less