The fecundity/longevity trade-off in a clonal ant

克隆蚂蚁的繁殖力/寿命的权衡

基本信息

项目摘要

In many solitary organisms longevity is negatively correlated with fecundity because of resource trade-offs. Queens of social insects are a notable exception to this rule. Reproductive individuals appear to avoid or even reverse this fundamental trade-off: they have extended longevity and high egg-laying capacities. However, in most advanced social insects, reproductives and non-reproductives differ tremendously in ontogeny, morphology, physiology, behavior and resource availability, which may affect the interrelation between fecundity and longevity. Clonal ants, such as Platythyrea punctata, are therefore suitable models to study the trade-off without these confounding traits: reproductives and non-reproductives of clonal ants are mostly identical. Nevertheless, reproductives live significantly longer than all non-egg-laying workers.During the 1st funding phase, we documented a number of factors that influence longevity and fecundity, e.g., nutritional manipulations (fat content and protein to carbohydrate ratios), removal of eggs, and oxidative stress. In addition, a transcriptome analysis - between reproductives and non-reproductives - matched these previous results and revealed several genes that are known to respond to oxidative stress, to be involved in nutrient signalling pathways, related to metabolism, or link environmental stimuli with phenotypic changes. Overall, our results point to the role of nutrition as well as to IIS/TOR pathways as important mediators in the regulation of fecundity and longevity. Although several interactions among these pathways are known, many “connections” among genes and how they contribute to this apparent remolding of the trade-off remain unclear. In the 2nd funding phase, our main aim is now to gain a deeper understanding of these interrelations and how reproduction and diet affect lifespan and gene expression changes. To do so, we will manipulate (i) the costs of reproduction, (ii) diets, and (iii) putative genes involved in the fecundity/longevity trade-off via RNAi. Thereafter we will measure the consequences of these manipulations for longevity, fecundity, oxidative stress, and immune responses. Finally, based on the most promising treatments, we will compare via transcriptome studies gene and pathway modifications. Our project will allow us, by manipulating (in-)directly candidate genes and by testing their effect at a phenotypic level, to elucidate their roles in the trade-off. It will also complement well other projects within the Research Unit 2281 by allowing us to compare the pathways involved between the different model organisms and to generalize hypotheses about the regulation of reproduction and longevity in social insects.
在许多独居生物中,由于资源权衡,寿命与繁殖力呈负相关。社会性昆虫的女王是这一规则的一个明显例外。生殖个体似乎避免甚至逆转了这种基本的权衡:他们延长了寿命和高产卵能力。然而,在大多数高级社会性昆虫中,生殖昆虫和非生殖昆虫在个体发育、形态、生理、行为和资源利用方面存在巨大差异,这可能影响生殖力和寿命之间的相互关系。因此,克隆蚂蚁,如Platythyrea punctata,是合适的模型来研究权衡没有这些混杂的特征:克隆蚂蚁的繁殖和非繁殖大多是相同的。尽管如此,繁殖者的寿命明显长于所有不产蛋的工人。在第一个资助阶段,我们记录了一些影响寿命和繁殖力的因素,例如,营养操作(脂肪含量和蛋白质与碳水化合物的比例)、去除鸡蛋和氧化应激。此外,转录组分析-生殖和非生殖之间-匹配这些先前的结果,并揭示了已知响应氧化应激的几个基因,参与营养信号通路,与代谢有关,或将环境刺激与表型变化联系起来。总的来说,我们的研究结果指出,营养的作用,以及IIS/TOR途径的重要介质在调节生育力和寿命。虽然这些途径之间的几种相互作用是已知的,但基因之间的许多“联系”以及它们如何促成这种明显的权衡重塑仍不清楚。在第二阶段,我们的主要目标是更深入地了解这些相互关系,以及生殖和饮食如何影响寿命和基因表达变化。为此,我们将通过RNAi操纵(i)繁殖成本,(ii)饮食和(iii)参与生殖力/寿命权衡的推定基因。此后,我们将测量这些操作对寿命,繁殖力,氧化应激和免疫反应的影响。最后,基于最有希望的治疗,我们将通过转录组研究比较基因和通路修饰。我们的项目将允许我们通过直接操纵候选基因并在表型水平上测试它们的作用,来阐明它们在权衡中的作用。它还将很好地补充研究单元2281内的其他项目,使我们能够比较不同模式生物之间所涉及的途径,并概括有关社会昆虫繁殖和寿命调节的假设。

项目成果

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Dr. Abel Bernadou, Ph.D.其他文献

Dr. Abel Bernadou, Ph.D.的其他文献

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